The Effect of Capsaicin-induced Pain on Homeostatic Plasticity in Healthy Human Participants

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of capsaicin-induced pain on homeostatic plasticity.

A randomised crossover design will be used to evaluate the effect of capsaicin-induced pain on homeostatic plasticity using cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Each participant will take part in four experimental sessions during which homeostatic plasticity and corticomotor excitability will be induced and measured in the left primary motor cortex. Participants will receive - in randomised order - capsaicin or placebo patch placed on the dorsal part of the right hand.

Each participant will attend four sessions, being two consecutive sessions separated by two weeks (i.e. wash-out period). During the experiment, participants will be seated comfortably with hands and arms at rest. First, the electromyography electrodes will be placed at the right first dorsal interosseous muscle to be used for assessing the corticomotor excitability by recordings of motor evoked potentials by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on the left primary motor cortex. Then, the cap for tDCS on the left primary motor cortex will be mounted. The optimal scalp position (hot spot) for TMS stimulation will be identified and marked with a pen on the cap for standardisation. A 5 x 7 cm capsaicin/placebo patch will be placed on participants' right hand. After 30 minutes of patch application, baseline measures of pain and motor-evoked potentials will be taken. Then, the homeostatic plasticity induction process will take place followed by motor-evoked potentials recordings every 15 minutes up to 45 minutes post protocol. Participants will be divided in 2 groups, one group will receive ice over the patch as to reduce pain intensity to minimum of 1 in a numeric rating scale; the other group will proceed without ice. Homeostatic plasticity will be induced and measured as previously described. The patch will be left in place for 24 hours, at which point participants will return to the laboratory and homeostatic plasticity will once again be induced and measured. After a wash-out period of two weeks, participants will go through an identical process but at this time with a different patch.

Homeostatic plasticity will be induced in the left primary motor cortex using tDCS applied for 7 minutes followed by an interval of 3 minutes and another block of 5 minutes of stimulation. A constant current of 2mA will be transmitted through the tDCS system, using two 25 cm2 electrodes placed into holes of a cap over the hot spot and right supraorbital area.

A sample size calculation was conducted using α of 0.05, β of 0.80 and effect size of 0.29 based on motor evoked potential (MEP) analysis of previous studies resulting in a target of 22 participants. To account for differences in designs 24 participants will be included, being 12 in each group.