Randomized Phase III Trial of Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy With Response-Adapted Treatment Versus Standard-of-Care Treatment for Resectable Stage III/IV Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (C-PRE)
试验速览
- 阶段
- 3 期
- 状态
- 暂停
- 入组人数
- 420
- 试验地点
- 356
- 主要终点
- Event-free survival (EFS)
研究概览
简要总结
This phase III trial compares the effect of adding cemiplimab to standard therapy (surgery with or without radiation) versus standard therapy alone in treating patients with stage III/IV squamous cell skin cancer that is able to be removed by surgery (resectable) and that may have come back after a period of improvement (recurrent). The usual treatment for patients with resectable squamous cell skin cancer is the removal of the cancerous tissue (surgery) with or without radiation, which uses high energy x-rays, particles, or radioactive seeds to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, such as cemiplimab, may help the body's immune system attack the cancer, and may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. Cemiplimab has been approved for the treatment of skin cancer that has spread or that cannot be removed by surgery, but it has not been approved for the treatment of skin cancer than can be removed by surgery. Adding cemiplimab to the usual treatment of surgery with or without radiation may be more effective in treating patients with stage III/IV resectable squamous cell skin cancer than the usual treatment alone.
详细描述
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:
I. To determine if neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with response-adapted oncologic surgery improves site-reported event-free survival (EFS) compared to standard-of-care surgery in resectable stage III/IV cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC).
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
I. To compare utilization of adjuvant radiation between arms. II. To compare disease-free survival (DFS) between arms. III. To compare overall survival (OS) between arms. IV. To compare adverse events (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [CTCAE] version [v]5.0) between arms.
V. To assess pathologic complete response in arm 2.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- Single (Outcomes Assessor)
盲法说明
A central review of 40% of patients who experience a recurrence or progression that is considered a primary endpoint event will be conducted once the number of events for the primary endpoint has been reached. Each case will be reviewed by two independent reviewers who are blinded to the patient's assigned treatment arm.
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Pathologically (histologically or cytologically) proven diagnosis of invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) or regional lymph node or in-transit metastasis of CSCC
- •The following CSCC subtypes are eligible according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification if the predominant histology is confirmed CSCC.
- •Spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
- •Squamous cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid differentiation
- •Acantholytic SCC
- •Clear cell SCC
- •Lymphoepithelial carcinoma
- •Note: Keratoacanthoma SCC and Verrucous SCC subtypes are not eligible.
- •For patients with regional metastasis without a primary tumor at screening: a clinical history of CSCC that drains to the involved regional lymph nodes or in-transit metastases in question is required
- •For example, a parotid mass shown to be SCC by cytologic analysis of a fine needle aspirate in a patient with a clinical history of CSCC on the ipsilateral scalp would be eligible
- •For patients with regional metastases without a primary tumor and an ambiguous clinical history: tumor genomic sequencing suggesting a primary tumor of cutaneous origin would be acceptable evidence to establish eligibility
- •NOTE: Tumor genomic sequencing is not required to determine eligibility, but may be part of the routine evaluation of patients with cancers of unknown primary at some institutions. For example, a parotid mass shown to be SCC by cytologic analysis of fine needle aspirate without a primary tumor and an ambiguous clinical history, but with a tumor genomic sequencing assay demonstrating a high tumor mutation burden (≥ 10 mutations/Mb) and/or a high fraction of ultraviolet (UV) related mutations (> 50% of mutations [cytosine (C)/thymine (T)]C > T or CC > TT) and/or the presence of "signature 7" mutations would be eligible (Chang 2021)
- •Previously untreated or recurrent CSCC
- •Clinical American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th Edition (eyelid, head and neck sites) or Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) (non-head and neck sites) stage III or IV
- •Primary tumor site must be in the head and neck cutaneous region, other non-head and neck cutaneous regions, or eyelid cutaneous region
- •No mucosal squamous cell carcinoma (vermillion lip, nasal, oral, sinonasal, conjunctival, anogenital)
- •Tumor must be resectable with curative intent. Note: Tumor with bony skull base invasion and/or skull base foramen involvement (T4b) is not eligible. (Patients with T4b eyelid tumors using UICC Staging, and not involving the brain, are eligible.)
- •At least 1 lesion that is measurable by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1
- •No definitive clinical or radiologic evidence of distant metastatic disease (M1), visceral and/or distant nodal disease
- •Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-2
- •Not pregnant and not nursing
- •Negative urine or serum pregnancy test (in persons of childbearing potential) within 14 days prior to registration. Childbearing potential is defined as any person who has experienced menarche and who has not undergone surgical sterilization (hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy) or who is not postmenopausal
- •Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1,000 cells/mm^3
- •Platelets ≥ 75,000 cells/mm^3
- •Hemoglobin ≥ 8.0 g/dl (Note: The use of transfusion or other intervention to achieve hemoglobin [Hgb] ≥ 8.0 g/dl is acceptable)
- •Creatinine clearance (CrCL) > 30mL/min by the Cockcroft-Gault formula
- •Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) (NOTE: For patients with Gilbert's syndrome, total bilirubin ≤ 3 x ULN. Gilbert's syndrome must be documented appropriately as past medical history.)
- •Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT]) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase [SGPT]) ≤ 3 x institutional ULN
- •No prior systemic therapy for the study cancer (including patients currently receiving immunotherapy for a separate malignancy)
- •No prior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in cumulative doses of radiation to organs at risk for radiation injury that exceed protocol limitations
- •No history of myocardial infarction/unstable angina within the last 6 months
- •New York Heart Association functional classification IIb or better (New York Heart Association [NYHA] functional classification III/IV are not eligible) (Note: Patients with known history or current symptoms of cardiac disease, or history of treatment with cardiotoxic agents, should have a clinical risk assessment of cardiac function using the New York Heart Association functional classification)
- •No active infection requiring systemic antibiotics, antiviral, or antifungal treatments
- •No history of allogeneic stem cell transplantation, or autologous stem cell transplantation
- •No history of a solid organ transplant (other than corneal transplant)
- •No active, known, or suspected autoimmune disease
- •Active or known disease is defined as:
- •Requiring higher than physiologic steroid levels (> 10mg prednisone/day or equivalent) or
- •Requiring disease-modifying agents or
- •Ongoing or recent (within 5 years prior to registration) evidence of significant autoimmune disease that required treatment with systemic immunosuppressive treatments, which may suggest risk for immune-related adverse events (irAEs)
- •Patients meeting the following criteria are not considered immunosuppressed and are eligible to enroll:
- •Patients who require a brief course of steroids (eg, prophylaxis for imaging assessments due to hypersensitivity to contrast agents) are not excluded
- •Patients with type I diabetes mellitus, and endocrinopathies (including hypothyroidism due to autoimmune thyroiditis) only requiring hormone replacement, or skin disorders (such as vitiligo, psoriasis, or alopecia) not requiring systemic treatment, or conditions not expected to recur in the absence of an external trigger are permitted to enroll
- •Physiologic replacement doses ≤ 10 mg prednisone/day or equivalent allowed, as long as they are not being administered for immunosuppressive intent. Inhaled or topical steroids are permitted
- •Patients with the following immunosuppressed conditions are eligible to enroll:
- •Patients with HIV infection on effective anti-retroviral therapy with undetectable viral load within 6 months prior to registration are eligible
- •Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with no history of anti-CLL therapy within 6 months prior to registration are eligible
- •No history of interstitial lung disease (eg, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, organizing pneumonia)
- •No active, noninfectious pneumonitis requiring immune-suppressive therapy
- •No active tuberculosis
- 另有 2 项未显示
排除标准
- 未提供
研究组 & 干预措施
Arm 1 (surgery, radiation)
Patients undergo surgery per standard of care within 6 weeks of randomization. Starting within 6-12 weeks of surgery, patients may undergo IGRT with IMRT for 5 fractions per week for 6 weeks as clinically indicated. Patients also undergo CT, MRI, and/or PET/CT prior to treatment, and CT and/or MRI during follow up. Patients may also undergo optional collection of tissue, whole blood, and plasma on study.
干预措施: Biospecimen Collection (Procedure)
Arm 1 (surgery, radiation)
Patients undergo surgery per standard of care within 6 weeks of randomization. Starting within 6-12 weeks of surgery, patients may undergo IGRT with IMRT for 5 fractions per week for 6 weeks as clinically indicated. Patients also undergo CT, MRI, and/or PET/CT prior to treatment, and CT and/or MRI during follow up. Patients may also undergo optional collection of tissue, whole blood, and plasma on study.
干预措施: Image Guided Radiation Therapy (Radiation)
Arm 1 (surgery, radiation)
Patients undergo surgery per standard of care within 6 weeks of randomization. Starting within 6-12 weeks of surgery, patients may undergo IGRT with IMRT for 5 fractions per week for 6 weeks as clinically indicated. Patients also undergo CT, MRI, and/or PET/CT prior to treatment, and CT and/or MRI during follow up. Patients may also undergo optional collection of tissue, whole blood, and plasma on study.
干预措施: Computed Tomography (Procedure)
Arm 2 (cemiplimab, surgery, radiation)
Patients receive cemiplimab IV over 30 minutes on day 1 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 21 days for up to 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients then undergo response-adaptive surgery 21 days after last dose of cemiplimab. Starting within 12 weeks of surgery, patients may undergo IGRT with IMRT for 5 fractions per week for 6 weeks as clinically indicated. Starting within 6 weeks of completion of surgery or radiation therapy (if indicated), patients without pCR receive cemiplimab IV over 30 minutes on day 1 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 42 days for up to 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also undergo CT, MRI, and/or PET/CT prior to treatment, and CT and/or MRI on study and during follow up. Patients may also undergo optional collection of tissue, whole blood, and plasma on study.
干预措施: Biospecimen Collection (Procedure)
Arm 2 (cemiplimab, surgery, radiation)
Patients receive cemiplimab IV over 30 minutes on day 1 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 21 days for up to 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients then undergo response-adaptive surgery 21 days after last dose of cemiplimab. Starting within 12 weeks of surgery, patients may undergo IGRT with IMRT for 5 fractions per week for 6 weeks as clinically indicated. Starting within 6 weeks of completion of surgery or radiation therapy (if indicated), patients without pCR receive cemiplimab IV over 30 minutes on day 1 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 42 days for up to 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also undergo CT, MRI, and/or PET/CT prior to treatment, and CT and/or MRI on study and during follow up. Patients may also undergo optional collection of tissue, whole blood, and plasma on study.
干预措施: Surgical Procedure (Procedure)
Arm 1 (surgery, radiation)
Patients undergo surgery per standard of care within 6 weeks of randomization. Starting within 6-12 weeks of surgery, patients may undergo IGRT with IMRT for 5 fractions per week for 6 weeks as clinically indicated. Patients also undergo CT, MRI, and/or PET/CT prior to treatment, and CT and/or MRI during follow up. Patients may also undergo optional collection of tissue, whole blood, and plasma on study.
干预措施: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Procedure)
Arm 1 (surgery, radiation)
Patients undergo surgery per standard of care within 6 weeks of randomization. Starting within 6-12 weeks of surgery, patients may undergo IGRT with IMRT for 5 fractions per week for 6 weeks as clinically indicated. Patients also undergo CT, MRI, and/or PET/CT prior to treatment, and CT and/or MRI during follow up. Patients may also undergo optional collection of tissue, whole blood, and plasma on study.
干预措施: Positron Emission Tomography (Procedure)
Arm 2 (cemiplimab, surgery, radiation)
Patients receive cemiplimab IV over 30 minutes on day 1 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 21 days for up to 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients then undergo response-adaptive surgery 21 days after last dose of cemiplimab. Starting within 12 weeks of surgery, patients may undergo IGRT with IMRT for 5 fractions per week for 6 weeks as clinically indicated. Starting within 6 weeks of completion of surgery or radiation therapy (if indicated), patients without pCR receive cemiplimab IV over 30 minutes on day 1 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 42 days for up to 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also undergo CT, MRI, and/or PET/CT prior to treatment, and CT and/or MRI on study and during follow up. Patients may also undergo optional collection of tissue, whole blood, and plasma on study.
干预措施: Image Guided Radiation Therapy (Radiation)
Arm 1 (surgery, radiation)
Patients undergo surgery per standard of care within 6 weeks of randomization. Starting within 6-12 weeks of surgery, patients may undergo IGRT with IMRT for 5 fractions per week for 6 weeks as clinically indicated. Patients also undergo CT, MRI, and/or PET/CT prior to treatment, and CT and/or MRI during follow up. Patients may also undergo optional collection of tissue, whole blood, and plasma on study.
干预措施: Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (Radiation)
Arm 2 (cemiplimab, surgery, radiation)
Patients receive cemiplimab IV over 30 minutes on day 1 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 21 days for up to 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients then undergo response-adaptive surgery 21 days after last dose of cemiplimab. Starting within 12 weeks of surgery, patients may undergo IGRT with IMRT for 5 fractions per week for 6 weeks as clinically indicated. Starting within 6 weeks of completion of surgery or radiation therapy (if indicated), patients without pCR receive cemiplimab IV over 30 minutes on day 1 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 42 days for up to 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also undergo CT, MRI, and/or PET/CT prior to treatment, and CT and/or MRI on study and during follow up. Patients may also undergo optional collection of tissue, whole blood, and plasma on study.
干预措施: Computed Tomography (Procedure)
Arm 2 (cemiplimab, surgery, radiation)
Patients receive cemiplimab IV over 30 minutes on day 1 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 21 days for up to 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients then undergo response-adaptive surgery 21 days after last dose of cemiplimab. Starting within 12 weeks of surgery, patients may undergo IGRT with IMRT for 5 fractions per week for 6 weeks as clinically indicated. Starting within 6 weeks of completion of surgery or radiation therapy (if indicated), patients without pCR receive cemiplimab IV over 30 minutes on day 1 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 42 days for up to 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also undergo CT, MRI, and/or PET/CT prior to treatment, and CT and/or MRI on study and during follow up. Patients may also undergo optional collection of tissue, whole blood, and plasma on study.
干预措施: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Procedure)
Arm 1 (surgery, radiation)
Patients undergo surgery per standard of care within 6 weeks of randomization. Starting within 6-12 weeks of surgery, patients may undergo IGRT with IMRT for 5 fractions per week for 6 weeks as clinically indicated. Patients also undergo CT, MRI, and/or PET/CT prior to treatment, and CT and/or MRI during follow up. Patients may also undergo optional collection of tissue, whole blood, and plasma on study.
干预措施: Questionnaire Administration (Other)
Arm 1 (surgery, radiation)
Patients undergo surgery per standard of care within 6 weeks of randomization. Starting within 6-12 weeks of surgery, patients may undergo IGRT with IMRT for 5 fractions per week for 6 weeks as clinically indicated. Patients also undergo CT, MRI, and/or PET/CT prior to treatment, and CT and/or MRI during follow up. Patients may also undergo optional collection of tissue, whole blood, and plasma on study.
干预措施: Surgical Procedure (Procedure)
Arm 2 (cemiplimab, surgery, radiation)
Patients receive cemiplimab IV over 30 minutes on day 1 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 21 days for up to 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients then undergo response-adaptive surgery 21 days after last dose of cemiplimab. Starting within 12 weeks of surgery, patients may undergo IGRT with IMRT for 5 fractions per week for 6 weeks as clinically indicated. Starting within 6 weeks of completion of surgery or radiation therapy (if indicated), patients without pCR receive cemiplimab IV over 30 minutes on day 1 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 42 days for up to 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also undergo CT, MRI, and/or PET/CT prior to treatment, and CT and/or MRI on study and during follow up. Patients may also undergo optional collection of tissue, whole blood, and plasma on study.
干预措施: Positron Emission Tomography (Procedure)
Arm 2 (cemiplimab, surgery, radiation)
Patients receive cemiplimab IV over 30 minutes on day 1 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 21 days for up to 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients then undergo response-adaptive surgery 21 days after last dose of cemiplimab. Starting within 12 weeks of surgery, patients may undergo IGRT with IMRT for 5 fractions per week for 6 weeks as clinically indicated. Starting within 6 weeks of completion of surgery or radiation therapy (if indicated), patients without pCR receive cemiplimab IV over 30 minutes on day 1 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 42 days for up to 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also undergo CT, MRI, and/or PET/CT prior to treatment, and CT and/or MRI on study and during follow up. Patients may also undergo optional collection of tissue, whole blood, and plasma on study.
干预措施: Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (Radiation)
Arm 2 (cemiplimab, surgery, radiation)
Patients receive cemiplimab IV over 30 minutes on day 1 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 21 days for up to 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients then undergo response-adaptive surgery 21 days after last dose of cemiplimab. Starting within 12 weeks of surgery, patients may undergo IGRT with IMRT for 5 fractions per week for 6 weeks as clinically indicated. Starting within 6 weeks of completion of surgery or radiation therapy (if indicated), patients without pCR receive cemiplimab IV over 30 minutes on day 1 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 42 days for up to 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also undergo CT, MRI, and/or PET/CT prior to treatment, and CT and/or MRI on study and during follow up. Patients may also undergo optional collection of tissue, whole blood, and plasma on study.
干预措施: Cemiplimab (Biological)
Arm 2 (cemiplimab, surgery, radiation)
Patients receive cemiplimab IV over 30 minutes on day 1 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 21 days for up to 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients then undergo response-adaptive surgery 21 days after last dose of cemiplimab. Starting within 12 weeks of surgery, patients may undergo IGRT with IMRT for 5 fractions per week for 6 weeks as clinically indicated. Starting within 6 weeks of completion of surgery or radiation therapy (if indicated), patients without pCR receive cemiplimab IV over 30 minutes on day 1 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 42 days for up to 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also undergo CT, MRI, and/or PET/CT prior to treatment, and CT and/or MRI on study and during follow up. Patients may also undergo optional collection of tissue, whole blood, and plasma on study.
干预措施: Questionnaire Administration (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
Event-free survival (EFS)
时间窗: Up to 6 years
Defined as the time from randomization to any of the following events: progression of disease that precludes surgery, toxic effects related to treatment that preclude surgery, inability to resect all gross disease), disease recurrence (local, regional, or distant) after surgery (or after radiographic complete response), disease progression after radiographic partial response or stable disease without surgery (or biopsy, as applicable), or death due to any cause, whichever occurs first. EFS rates will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the stratified log-rank test will be used to assess whether perioperative immunotherapy (neoadjuvant/adjuvant) with response-adapted oncologic surgery improves EFS as recorded by the site compared to standard-of-care surgery in resectable stage III/IV cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC).
Event-free survival (EFS)
时间窗: Up to 6 years
Defined as the time from randomization to any of the following events: progression of disease that precludes surgery, toxic effects related to treatment that preclude surgery, inability to resect all gross disease), disease recurrence (local, regional, or distant) after surgery (or after radiographic complete response), disease progression after radiographic partial response or stable disease without surgery (or biopsy, as applicable), or death due to any cause, whichever occurs first. EFS rates will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the stratified log-rank test will be used to assess whether perioperative immunotherapy (neoadjuvant/adjuvant) with response-adapted oncologic surgery improves EFS as recorded by the site compared to standard-of-care surgery in resectable stage III/IV cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC).
次要结局
- Utilization of adjuvant radiation(Up to 6 years)
- Disease-free survival (DFS)(From randomization to recurrent or death, assessed up to 6 years)
- Overall survival (OS)(From randomization to death, assessed up to 6 years)
- Incidence of adverse events(At 30 days and then up to 6 years)
- Pathologic complete response(At 1 and 2 years)
- Utilization of adjuvant radiation(Up to 6 years)
- Disease-free survival (DFS)(From randomization to recurrent or death, assessed up to 6 years)
- Overall survival (OS)(From randomization to death, assessed up to 6 years)
- Incidence of adverse events(At 30 days and then up to 6 years)
- Pathologic complete response(At 1 and 2 years)