Study of the Long Term Efficacy of Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine in Young Adults 20-22 Years After the Primary Vaccination in Nile Delta of Egypt

More than two billion individuals have serological evidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection worldwide. Of these, 240 million are chronic carriers and approximately 786,000 hepatitis B related deaths occur annually.

Currently available hepatitis B vaccines are extremely safe and have an efficacy of >90 percent against all HBV serotypes and genotypes. Thus, HBV infection can potentially be eradicated through global vaccination. A positive immune response to the vaccine is defined as the development of hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) at a titer of >10 mIU/mL.

Although anti-HBs titers decrease with time, the duration of protection is long. Protection has been estimated to persist for up to 22 years after the primary vaccination schedule. Protection from clinical disease, despite declining or even undetectable anti-HBs levels, is probably due to the priming of memory cells, which are capable of eliciting an anamnestic response when challenged. This is supported by the rapid increases in anti-HBs titers in previously vaccinated individuals who administered booster injections.