Applied Implementation Research for Clean Cooking in Cambodia: Equity, Exposure, Costs, and Benefits of Induction Stove Interventions
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 招募中
- 入组人数
- 6,150
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Disuse of biomass fuels: Proportion of meals cooked without biomass fuels
研究概览
简要总结
The goal of this study is to learn how to help families in Cambodia switch to using electric induction stoves instead of traditional stoves that burn wood or charcoal. The study will also look at whether this switch is safe, affordable, and sustainable over time.
The main questions researchers want to answer are:
- What strategies work best to encourage families to use induction stoves regularly and stop using traditional cooking methods?
- Does switching to induction cooking reduce household air pollution for primary cooks?
- What are the costs and benefits of these strategies?
To answer these questions, researchers will compare different strategies across 65 peri-urban villages in Cambodia. They will use data loggers to track when families use induction stoves or traditional stoves, and measure air pollution levels in the home before and after families receive induction stoves.
Participants will:
- Receive an electric induction stove and support based on their group's strategy
- Have their stove use tracked through special devices
- Take part in air pollution measurements in their homes
- Share information about their cooking habits and experiences
详细描述
Around 3 billion people worldwide cook using biomass fuels like wood, charcoal, and animal dung, which creates household air pollution responsible for about 2.3 million premature deaths each year from diseases such as heart disease, respiratory illnesses, diabetes, and cancer. Previous efforts to clean up biomass fuel burning have not sufficiently reduced air pollution or replaced traditional stoves, leading researchers to explore even cleaner alternatives like electric induction cooking.
This study evaluates whether electric induction stoves can effectively lower household air pollution in Cambodia. Using a rigorous, multi-year, cluster-randomized trial in 65 peri-urban villages, the study will:
- Develop and test different strategies (such as direct sales, subsidies, and community promotion) to encourage the purchase and regular use of induction stoves.
- Measure stove usage with cloud-connected data loggers that record cooking times and energy consumption.
- Collect household air pollution data and conduct surveys and interviews with approximately 3,100 households, with a focus on primary cooks.
The study also includes a comprehensive cost-effectiveness analysis to understand the benefits in terms of health, environmental impact, time savings, including impacts on individuals responsible for household cooking or fuel collection. By using established frameworks to plan, evaluate, and improve implementation (RE-AIM: Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance; CFIR: Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research), the research aims to build a strong evidence base to support the scale-up of clean cooking interventions in Cambodia and other low- and middle-income settings.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Health Services Research
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •- A household must:
- •Provide consent to participate in our study, with at least one adult household member who identifies as the primary cook consenting to serve as the study participant
- •Resides in village selected for implementation
- •Household has electricity access
- •Household does not already use electricity-based induction cooking technology
排除标准
- •Plans to move permanently outside the study area in the next 12 months
研究组 & 干预措施
Community-based demand generation only
The implementation strategy consists of community-based demand generation and behavior change communication activities, including village meetings, cooking and stove demonstrations, and locally appropriate communication materials designed to build awareness, trust, and confidence in induction cooking
干预措施: Electric Induction Cookstoves (Other)
Community-based demand generation + direct sales
The implementation strategy encompasses community-based demand generation and behavior change communication, complemented by personalized direct sales engagement. Trained sales agents conduct door-to-door and small-group visits, provide tailored sales pitches and demonstrations, respond to questions, and facilitate stove purchases.
干预措施: Electric Induction Cookstoves (Other)
Community-based demand generation + subsidies
The implementation strategy includes community-based demand generation and behavior change communication, paired with financial support through stove subsidies. Subsidies include a lower-value subsidy available to early non-poor purchasers and a higher-value subsidy targeted to households classified as poor or at-risk.
干预措施: Electric Induction Cookstoves (Other)
Community-based demand generation + direct sales + subsidies
The implementation strategy includes community-based demand generation and behavior change communication, personalized direct sales engagement, and financial support through stove subsidies. Sales agents provide household-level engagement and facilitate purchases, while subsidies improve affordability through both lower-value and targeted higher-value support.
干预措施: Electric Induction Cookstoves (Other)
Control villages
Control Villages assigned to the control arm will receive no study intervention during the trial period.
结局指标
主要结局
Disuse of biomass fuels: Proportion of meals cooked without biomass fuels
时间窗: Endline, 18-30 months post-intervention
Disuse will be defined as the reduction in biomass fuel use for cooking, measured as the proportion of meals cooked without biomass fuels (e.g., firewood and charcoal) during a defined recent reference period, as reported in household surveys. Results will be reported overall and stratified by household poverty status.
Induction cookstove purchase: Proportion of households that purchase an induction stove
时间窗: Endline, 18-30 months post-intervention
Purchase will be defined as the acquisition of an induction stove during the trial period, as reported in household surveys and verified through study-linked sales records matched to household study IDs. The outcome will be calculated as the number of participating households with a confirmed induction stove acquired divided by the total number of households in each village. Results will be reported overall and stratified by household poverty status, verified by the Cambodian Government (IDPoor status).
Induction stove purchase: Proportion of eligible households that purchase an induction stove, based on study and sales records
时间窗: 12 months, at the end of intervention completion
This outcome will assess the proportion of eligible households that purchase an induction stove during the intervention period. Purchase data will be tracked through verified sales receipts linked to household study IDs. The outcome will be calculated as the number of participating households with a confirmed induction stove purchased divided by the total number of households in the enrolled community. Results will be reported overall and stratified by household income status.
Induction stove use: Number of daily cooking events
时间窗: Up to 30 months following stove purchase
This outcome will assess the intensity of induction stove use derived from built-in stove usage data loggers installed on all induction stoves sold to participants. All participating households that purchase an induction stove and consent to follow-up monitoring will have induction stove usage recorded up to 30 months following stove purchase. These devices log time-of-use for each induction surface/burner and energy used by the stove during cooking. This metric will count the number of daily cooking events.
Induction stove use: Duration of daily cooking
时间窗: Up to 30 months following stove purchase
This outcome will assess the intensity of induction stove use derived from built-in stove usage data loggers installed on all induction stoves sold to participants. All participating households that purchase an induction stove and consent to follow-up monitoring will have induction stove usage recorded up to 30 months following stove purchase. These devices log time-of-use for each induction surface/burner and energy used by the stove during cooking. This metric will evaluate the duration of stove use per day
Induction stove use: Daily electricity consumption of cooking events
时间窗: Up to 30 months following stove purchase
This outcome will assess the intensity of induction stove use derived from built-in stove usage data loggers installed on all induction stoves sold to participants. All participating households that purchase an induction stove and consent to follow-up monitoring will have induction stove usage recorded up to 30 months following stove purchase. These devices log time-of-use for each induction surface/burner and energy used by the stove during cooking. This metric will evaluate the amount of energy used per day by the induction stove unit: (electricity consumption in kWh)
次要结局
- Induction stove use: Daily electricity consumption of cooking events(Up to 30 months following stove purchase)
- Induction cookstove use: Number of daily cooking events(Up to 30 months following stove purchase)
- Induction cookstove use: Duration of daily cooking(Up to 30 months following stove purchase)
- Clean stove stacking patterns: Proportion of monitored days with no biomass stove use(Daily over a 1-week period, 6-8 weeks following stove purchase)
- Household air pollution: Personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon among primary cooks(24-hour measurement, 6-8 weeks following stove purchase)
- Maintenance (behavioral): Induction cookstove use trajectories(Up to 30 months following stove purchase)
- Maintenance (behavioral): Determinants of sustained use and clean cooking behaviors(Throughout implementation and summarized at endline, 18-30 months post-intervention)
- Biomass stove disuse: Proportion of days with no biomass stove use among households that purchased an induction stove(Daily, over a 1-week period following stove purchase)
- Determinants: Induction stove purchase and use determinants(30 months)
- Personal exposure: Changes in personal 24-hour exposure to PM2.5 among primary cooks, measured before and after the intervention(30 months)