Downshifting Sweet Preference and Added Sugar Intake During Snacking
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 172
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Change is being assessed in dietary intake of energy from added sugar
研究概览
简要总结
The research study is designed is to determine whether children's acceptance of low sugar snacks, most preferred level of sweet and salty taste, and dietary intake of added sugars changes after repeated exposure to snacks lower in sweetness when compared to the control group.
详细描述
This is a longitudinal, randomized, within- and between- subject study of children and their mothers to determine whether children's repeated exposure to snacks lower in sweetness and mothers' educational lessons about dental health and nutrition (intervention group) affects children's acceptance of low sugar snacks, most preferred level of sweet and salty taste, and dietary intake of added sugars when compared to the control group.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Basic Science
- 盲法
- Triple (Participant, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
盲法说明
Participants and outcome assessors will be blind to hypotheses and group assignment. Investigators will be blind to the group assignment during statistical analyses.
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 3 Years 至 6 Years（Child）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •English speaking mother 18 years or older
- •Mother has primary responsibility for the eligible child's care
- •Mother has primary responsibility for feeding the eligible child
- •Mother is responsible for purchasing food for the family
- •Mother must be willing to refrain from eating food and beverages high in added sugars in the eligible child's presence for the duration of the study
排除标准
- •Child is in full-day daycare or school
- •Child is currently on a special diet (e.g. weight management programs)
- •Child has severe food allergies (e.g. gluten, peanuts)
- •Child has medical conditions know to affect growth or eating (e.g. diabetes, cystic fibrosis)
- •Mother is a current smoker
研究组 & 干预措施
Low Sweet
Children in intervention group will be provided with daily snacks lower in added sugar and sweetness and their mothers will receive educational lessons on dental care, reading food labels, and nutrition that support the goals of reducing "sweet" exposure and added sugar intake.
干预措施: Low Sweet (Behavioral)
Regular Sweet
Children in the regular sweet control group will be provided with common snacks fed to children of this age and mothers will be given education lessons on portion size, physical activity, sleep, screen time and, at the end of the trial, dental care.
干预措施: Regular Sweet (Behavioral)
结局指标
主要结局
Change is being assessed in dietary intake of energy from added sugar
时间窗: From timepoint 0 (baseline Temple visit at start of intervention) to T1 (1 month), T2 (2 month), T3 (3 month), T4 (4 month, end of intervention) and T5 (5 month, which is 1 month post-intervention delay)
Dietary intake (kcal/d) will be determined from Automated Self-Administered Recall System (ASA24) completed by mothers for her child and herself.
Change is being assessed in the children's liking of snacks low in sweetness
时间窗: From timepoint 0 (baseline Temple visit at start of intervention) to T1 (1 month), T2 (2 month), T3 (3 month), T4 (4 month, end of intervention) and T5 (5 month, which is 1 month post-intervention delay)
Children's grouping of the taste of novel snacks as liked, ok, or disliked as determined by lab-based measurements of liking using a picture-based 3-point hedonic scale depicting "yummy", "yucky", and "just-okay" responses; following the grouping of snacks into these categories, snacks will be ranked for most liked to most disliked \[range: 4-6\].
Change is being assessed in the children's intake of snacks low in sweetness
时间窗: From timepoint 0 (baseline Temple visit at start of intervention) to T1 (1 month), T2 (2 month), T3 (3 month), T4 (4 month= end of intervention) and T5 (5 month which is 1 month, post-intervention delay)
Children's intake of novel snacks in grams using weighed intake methods and behavioral parameters of intake from digital recordings; higher intake and consummatory responses indicate greater acceptance.
Children's Dietary Intake of Energy From Added Sugar (Tsp/d)
时间窗: From T1 (baseline Temple visit at start of intervention) to T2 (Month 2, mid-trial), T3 (Month 4, end of intervention) and T4 (Month 5, which is 1 month post-intervention follow-up)
Children's dietary intake of added sugar (tsp/d) was determined from Automated Self-Administered Recall System (ASA24) at baseline, mid-trial, and end of trial.
Caregiver's Dietary Intake of Energy From Added Sugar (Tsp/d)
时间窗: At T1 (baseline Temple visit at start of intervention) to T2 (Month 2, mid-trial), T3 (Month 4, end of intervention) and T4 (Month 5, which is 1 month post-intervention follow-up)
Caregivers' dietary intake of added sugar (tsp/d) was determined from Automated Self-Administered Recall System (ASA24) at baseline, mid-trial, and end of trial.
Children's Liking of Snacks Low in Sweetness (SET 1 FOODS)
时间窗: At T1 (baseline visit at start of intervention) and T3 (4 month= end of intervention). Liking assessments of Set 1 and Set 2 foods were performed at separate laboratory visits.
Children's indicated liking of two sets of lower sweetness intervention snack foods (Set 1: Strawberry-banana yogurt, apple slices; Set 2: hummus and baby carrots), assessed on separate occasions. Using hedonic face scales, children indicated their like or dislike for each food. Liking data were not obtained during the COVID-19 lockdown. Set 1 foods were discontinued following the lockdown in a modified version of the protocol moved from in person visits to remote assessments. As such, outcome analyses of children's liking of snacks low in sweetness are reported on complete cases (Set 1 foods: n=40 children; Set 2 foods: n=54 children). This analysis shows the count of and percentage of children who liked SET 1 STRAWBERRY-BANANA YOGURT AND APPLE SLICES at the end of the intervention.
Children's Liking of Snacks Low in Sweetness (SET 2 FOODS)
时间窗: At T1 (baseline visit at start of intervention) and T3 (4 month= end of intervention). Liking assessments of Set 1 and Set 2 foods were performed at separate laboratory visits.
Children's indicated liking of two sets of lower sweetness intervention snack foods (Set 1: Strawberry-banana yogurt, apple slices; Set 2: hummus and baby carrots), assessed on separate occasions. Using hedonic face scales, children indicated their like or dislike for each food. Liking data were not obtained during the COVID-19 lockdown. Set 1 foods were discontinued following the lockdown in a modified version of the protocol moved from in person visits to remote assessments. As such, outcome analyses of children's liking of snacks low in sweetness are reported on complete cases (Set 1 foods: n=40 children; Set 2 foods: n=54 children). This analysis shows the number and percentage of children who liked SET 2 HUMMUS AND BABY CARROTS at the end of the intervention.
Children's Intake (g) of Snacks Low in Sweetness (SET 1 FOODS)
时间窗: At T1 (baseline visit at start of intervention) and T3 (4 month= end of intervention)
Children's intake of novel snacks in grams using weighed intake methods; higher intake and consummatory responses indicate greater acceptance. Children's ad libitum intake of two sets of lower sweetness intervention snack foods was assessed on separate occasion (Set 1: Strawberry-banana yogurt, apple slices; Set 2: hummus and baby carrots), a protocol that directly followed assessment of liking. Weighed intakes were used to measure children's intake of each food in grams. Intake data were not obtained during the COVID-19 lockdown. Set 1 foods were discontinued following the lockdown in a modified version of the protocol moved from in person visits to remote assessments. As such, outcome analyses of children's liking of snacks low in sweetness are reported on complete cases (Set 1 foods: n=40 children; Set 2 foods: n=54 children). This analysis presents INTAKE in GRAMS of SET 1 STRAWBERRY-BANANA YOGURT AND APPLE SLICES at the END OF TRIAL.
Children's Intake (g) of Snacks Low in Sweetness (SET 2 FOODS)
时间窗: At T1 (baseline visit at start of intervention) and T3 (4 month= end of intervention)
Children's intake of novel snacks in grams using weighed intake methods; higher intake and consummatory responses indicate greater acceptance. Children's ad libitum intake of two sets of lower sweetness intervention snack foods was assessed on separate occasion (Set 1: Strawberry-banana yogurt, apple slices; Set 2: hummus and baby carrots), a protocol that directly followed assessment of liking. Weighed intakes were used to measure children's intake of each food in grams. Intake data were not obtained during the COVID-19 lockdown. Set 1 foods were discontinued following the lockdown in a modified version of the protocol moved from in person visits to remote assessments. As such, outcome analyses of children's liking of snacks low in sweetness are reported on complete cases (Set 1 foods: n=40 children; Set 2 foods: n=54 children). This analysis presents INTAKE in GRAMS of SET 2 HUMMUS and BABY CARROTS at the END OF TRIAL.
次要结局
- Monitoring of individual differences in children's palatable eating motivation(From timepoint 0 (baseline visit at start of intervention) to T1 (1 month), T2 (2 month), T3 (3 month), T4 (4 month, end of intervention) and T5 (5 month, which is 1 month post-intervention delay))
- Monitoring of individual differences in mothers' palatable eating motivation(From timepoint 0 (baseline visit at start of intervention) to T1 (1 month), T2 (2 month), T3 (3 month), T4 (4 month, end of intervention) and T5 (5 month, which is 1 month post-intervention delay))
- Change is being assessed in levels of hair biomarker for added sugar intake(From timepoint 0 (baseline Temple visit at start of intervention) to T4 (4 month visit=end of intervention))
- Change is being assessed in liking-based dietary intake survey(From timepoint 0 (baseline Temple visit at start of intervention) to T1 (1 month), T2 (2 month), T3 (3 month), T4 (4 month, end of intervention) and T5 (5 month, which is 1 month post-intervention delay))
- Monitoring of individual differences in parenting feeding styles(From timepoint 0 (baseline visit at start of intervention) to T1 (1 month), T2 (2 month), T3 (3 month), T4 (4 month, end of intervention) and T5 (5 month, which is 1 month post-intervention delay))
- Monitoring of weight(From timepoint 0 (baseline visit at start of intervention) to T1 (1 month), T2 (2 month), T3 (3 month), T4 (4 month= end of intervention) and T5 (5 month which is 1 month, post-intervention delay))
- Monitoring of individual differences in children's appetitive drive(From timepoint 0 (baseline visit at start of intervention) to T1 (1 month), T2 (2 month), T3 (3 month), T4 (4 month, end of intervention) and T5 (5 month, which is 1 month post-intervention delay))
- Monitoring of height(From timepoint 0 (baseline visit at start of intervention) to T1 (1 month), T2 (2 month), T3 (3 month), T4 (4 month= end of intervention) and T5 (5 month which is 1 month, post-intervention delay))
- Monitoring of body mass index(From timepoint 0 (baseline visit at start of intervention) to T1 (1 month), T2 (2 month), T3 (3 month), T4 (4 month= end of intervention) and T5 (5 month which is 1 month, post-intervention delay))
- Children's Body Mass Index Z-scores (BMIz)(At T1 (baseline visit at start of intervention) and T3 (4 month= end of intervention))
- Children's Stable Isotope Biomarker of Added Sugar Intake(From T1 (baseline Temple visit at start of intervention) to T3 (4 month visit=end of intervention))
- Monitoring of Individual Differences in Parenting Feeding Styles(T1 (baseline Temple visit at start of intervention))
- Monitoring of Individual Differences in Children's Appetitive Drive(T1 (baseline Temple visit at start of intervention))
- Monitoring of Individual Differences in Children's Behavioral Activation(T1 (baseline Temple visit at start of intervention))
- Monitoring of Individual Differences in Mothers' Palatable Eating Motivation(T1 (baseline Temple visit at start of intervention))