Effects of Home-Based Exercise Training on Physical Fitness and Functionality in Sedentary Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 32
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Change from baseline aerobic endurance at 8 weeks
研究概览
简要总结
The physical fitness and functionality of older adults are affected during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Regular exercise programs are effective in physical fitness and functioning in older adults. Individualized and supervised exercise programs for older adults in a safe environment can improve physical fitness and functionality. This study aims to examine the effect of home-based and exercise training on physical fitness and functionality in sedentary older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.
详细描述
Purpose: This study aims to examine the effect of home-based supervised exercise programs on physical fitness and functionality in sedentary older adults during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Methods: The older adults participating in the study are divided into two groups as exercise group and the control group. Individual exercise training is applied to the exercise group for eight weeks, three days a week, and 45 minutes a day. This exercise training consists of a program that includes strengthening, flexibility, aerobic, and balance exercises. The control group is given only of stretching and breathing exercises. Individuals are evaluated using the Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go Test, Senior Fitness Test, and Tinetti Falling Efficacy Scale before starting the study and at the end of the eight weeks.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- Single (Participant)
盲法说明
Participants in the study and control group do not know the content of the exercise program. All groups are taking exercise programs individually at their home. So that individuals are not aware of the groups.
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 65 Years 至 85 Years（Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Individuals aged between 65-85 years
- •Individuals have 24 points and above from the Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination
- •Sedentary individuals whose physical activity levels are inactive or minimally active group according to the Short form of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF).
- •Individuals who can stand for at least 90 seconds without assistance
- •Individuals who voluntarily agree to participate in the study
- •Individuals who have not suffered from COVID infection.
排除标准
- •Individuals who have malignancy
- •Individuals who are ambulatory with assistance
- •Individuals who have severe vision loss
- •Individuals who have a neurological disease (Stroke, Parkinson, Multiple Sclerosis)
- •Individuals who had surgery in the last six months
- •Individuals who have congestive heart failure
- •Individuals who have received exercise training in the last six months
研究组 & 干预措施
Exercise
Exercise program was prepared based on WHO, American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), Geriatrics Physiotherapists Association and Otago exercise program for the exercise group. The older adults are given individual supervised exercise training in their own homes for eight weeks, 3 days a week and 45 minutes a day, by a physiotherapist according to social distance rules. This exercise training consists of a program that includes strengthening, flexibility, aerobic and balance exercises. Each exercise is started with eight repetitions and each week will be increased by two repetitions. In case of fatigue, a rest is given. Brochures are also be prepared for the exercises. Before each session, individuals performed warm-up exercises for 5 minutes. At the end of the session, individuals performed cooling exercises.
干预措施: Supervised Home Based Exercise Training (Other)
Control
Individuals in the control group are performing stretching exercises for proximal extremity muscles for 15 minutes 3 times a week for eight weeks. The participants also perform breathing exercises for 5 minutes a day.
干预措施: Unsupervised stretching and breathing exercises (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
Change from baseline aerobic endurance at 8 weeks
时间窗: Before the program and after eight weeks program
The 2-minute step test measures the aerobic endurance of the older adults as an alternative to the 6-minute walk test. The distance from the iliac crest to the midpoint of the patella is measured by a tape to determine the knee-stepping height. The midpoint between these two anatomical structures is determined. The height of the determined point from the ground is measured and marked on a wall. The older adult begins stepping as quickly as possible to reach the marked height for two minutes. The total number of correct steps is recorded. If any of the steps (right or left) do not reach the target height, those steps are considered invalid.
Change from baseline lower extremity flexibility at 8 weeks
时间窗: Before the program and after eight weeks program
The Chair sit-and-reach test is a modified form of the sit-and-reach test, which determines the flexibility of the hamstring muscle group. The older adult sits on the front of a chair. Then they extend the right or left knee to a full extension, the heel on the floor, and ankle in a neutral position of 90 degrees. The other knee is flexed to approximately 90 degrees. Then, the older adult is asked to reach the toes of the extended limb with his/her same side upper limb. If the middle finger could not reach to the toes, the distance is recorded as a 'minus' score; if it could touch the toes, then a distance of 'zero' score is recorded; and if it could reach past the toes, then the distance is recorded as a 'plus' score.
Change from baseline upper extremity flexibility at 8 weeks
时间窗: Before the program and after eight weeks program
The Back scratch test evaluates the flexibility of the upper extremities. The older adult is asked to stand up and place his/her preferred hand over the same shoulder, palm down and fingers extended, and reach down the middle of the back as far as possible. Then the researcher want the older adult to place the other arm around the back of the waist with the palm up and reach up the other hand. The distance between the middle fingers of both hands is measured with a tape. If the middle fingers do not touch each other, the distance is recorded as a 'minus' score, if it reaches the other, then a 'zero' score is recorded as; and if fingers could cross each other, then 'plus' score is recorded.
Change from baseline balance and agility at 8 weeks
时间窗: Before the program and after eight weeks program
The 8-foot up and go test determines the dynamic balance and agility of the older adults. The older adult gets up from a chair without any arm support and walk 2.44 meters as quickly as possible; then turn around a cone (at a specified position) and come back to sit down on the chair. The time between the older adults' starting movement and sitting down on the chair is recorded in seconds.
Change from baseline lower extremitu muscle strength at 8 weeks
时间窗: Before the program and after eight weeks program
The chair stand test determines the muscle strength of the lower extremities. The older adult seat on a chair without arm support, with his/her feet on the ground and arms cross in the front of the chest. The number of full stands from the seated position perform within 30 seconds is recorded.
Change from baseline upper extremity muscle strength at 8 weeks
时间窗: Before the program and after eight weeks program
The arm curl test determines the upper extremity muscle strength. The older adult seat towards the dominant side on a chair without arm support. In this test, older women and men lift weights of 2.27 and 3.63 kilograms, respectively, starting with a full elbow extension with dominant arms and flexing the elbow to full flexion. The total number of lifts perform for 30 seconds is recorded.
次要结局
- Change from baseline Berg Balance Scale at 8 weeks(Before the program and after eight weeks program)
- Change from baseline Timed up and go test at 8 weeks(Before the program and after eight weeks program)
- Change from baseline Tinetti Fall Efficancy Scale at 8 weeks(Before the program and after eight weeks program)
研究者
Ozlem Yuruk
PT, PHd, Professor, lecturer in Baskent University
Baskent University