Comparing the Impact of Climate Labels for Restaurant Menus: a Pilot Study
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 16,181
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- High climate impact menu item selected - dichotomous variable
研究概览
简要总结
The aim of this study is to compare responses to 6 different types of labels for restaurant menus: 1) a QR code on all items (control); 2) High Climate Impact label; 3) High Climate Impact Warning label; 4) Climate Grade label; 5) Climate Grade label also displaying full range of possible grades; 6) Estimated Environmental Cost label. Participants will be randomized to 1 of these 6 labeling arms. Each participant will view a menu based on a real-world restaurant with one of the 6 labels shown on applicable menu items, select the menu item they would like, and then respond to survey questions about each label.
详细描述
This is an online randomized controlled trial in which researchers will use a survey company to recruit participants to an online survey. In the study, participants will be randomized to 1 of 6 labeling arms: 1) a QR code on all items (control); 2) High Climate Impact label; 3) High Climate Impact Warning label; 4) Climate Grade label; 5) Climate Grade label also displaying full range of possible grades; 6) Estimated Environmental Cost label. Labels will only appear alongside main menu items and will be assigned using thresholds for greenhouse gas emissions set a priori in kilograms of CO2 equivalent per kilogram of food. Each participant will view a menu based on a real-world restaurant with one of the 6 labels shown on applicable menu items, select the menu item they would like, then respond to survey questions about each label.
For dichotomous outcomes, the investigators will directly estimate the probability ratio using Poisson regression with a robust error variance, regressing the outcome on indicators for experimental condition. For continuous outcomes, the investigators will use linear regression models, regressing the outcome on indicators for experimental condition. A critical alpha 0.05 will be used, and statistical tests will be two-tailed. Investigators will compare all experimental label conditions to the control label, then compare each experimental label to each other using pairwise comparisons.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Prevention
- 盲法
- Single (Investigator)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •18 years and older
- •English-speaking
- •U.S. residents
- •Have eaten restaurant food at least once in the last month
- •Participants will reflect the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey estimates for sex, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, and age
排除标准
- •Non-US resident
- •Younger than 18 years old
- •Failing the attention check question
- •Completing the survey in less than 33% of the median completion time
研究组 & 干预措施
Estimated Environmental Cost labels
Labels will be placed beneath all menu items, displaying the estimated dollar value associated with greenhouse gas emissions. Labels shown will contain white text, "Environmental Cost," with a dollar value (i.e., +$10.90) on a black background with a globe icon
干预措施: Menu label (Behavioral)
Control (QR) labels
Labels placed beneath all menu items will contain QR codes with the text, "scan here", without any mention of sustainability
干预措施: Menu label (Behavioral)
High Climate Impact labels
Labels will be placed beneath menu items with a high climate impact using a predetermined threshold of estimated greenhouse gas emissions set at >=9.2 kgCO2e. Labels will contain white text, "High Climate Impact", on a red background with a globe icon
干预措施: Menu label (Behavioral)
High Climate Impact Warning labels
Labels will be placed beneath menu items with a high climate impact using a predetermined threshold of estimated greenhouse gas emissions set at >=9.2 kgCO2e. Labels will contain white text, "Warning: High Climate Impact", on a red background with a globe icon
干预措施: Menu label (Behavioral)
Climate Grade labels
Labels will be placed beneath all menu items, using predetermined estimated greenhouse gas emission thresholds to assign one of five icon-plus-text labels which indicate a specific climate impact grade (A, B, C, D, and F). Thresholds are set in kgCO2e as follows: [A] <1.7, [B] >=1.7 & <2.6, [C] >=2.6 & <9.2, [D] >=9.2 & <28, [F] >=28. Labels shown will contain white text, "Climate Grade", on a black background with a globe icon. The labels will include a white letter in a colored box on the left side, A (dark green), B (light green), C (yellow), D (orange), or F (red)
干预措施: Menu label (Behavioral)
Climate Grade label also displaying full range of possible grades
Labels will be placed beneath all menu items, using predetermined estimated greenhouse gas emission thresholds to assign one of five icon-plus-text labels which indicate a specific climate impact grade (A, B, C, D, and F). Thresholds are set in kgCO2e as follows: [A] <1.7, [B] >=1.7 & <2.6, [C] >=2.6 & <9.2, [D] >=9.2 & <28, [F] >=28. Labels shown will contain white text, "Climate Grade", on a black background with a globe icon. The labels will include a white letter in a colored box on the left side, A (dark green), B (light green), C (yellow), D (orange), or F (red). This label will also include a small scale of each white letter and colored box option beneath the main white letter and colored box
干预措施: Menu label (Behavioral)
结局指标
主要结局
High climate impact menu item selected - dichotomous variable
时间窗: Up to approx. 1 minutes
Measured as a dichotomous variable (yes/no) indicating whether participants' hypothetical meal orders include a high climate impact menu item.
Total greenhouse gas emissions - continuous variable
时间窗: Up to approx. 1 minute
Cumulative total kilograms of carbon equivalent (kgCO2e) per kilogram of food for all meal items.
次要结局
- Modified Nutrient Profile Index (NPI) score - continuous variable(Up to approx. 1 minute)
- Total energy (kcal) selected - continuous variable(Up to approx. 1 minute)
- Total saturated fat (g) selected - continuous variable(Up to approx. 1 minute)
- Total sodium (mg) selected - continuous variable(Up to approx. 1 minute)
研究者
Jennifer Falbe
Associate Professor
University of California, Davis