Blood Flow Restriction Training for The Shoulder: A Case for Proximal Benefit
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 69
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Determine if BFR Changes Shoulder Lean Muscle Mass in Pitchers
研究概览
简要总结
The aim of this study is to determine if BFR-LIX promotes greater increases in shoulder lean mass, rotator cuff strength, endurance, and acute increases in shoulder muscle activation compared to LIX alone.
详细描述
Healthy Volunteers: Thirty-two healthy adults were randomized into two groups (BFRm=13,f=3, NoBFRm=10,f=6) that performed 8wks of shoulder LIX [2/wk, 4 sets (30/15/15/fatigue), 20%max] using common rotator cuff exercises [cable external rotation (ER), cable internal rotation (IR), dumbbell scaption (SCAP), and side-lying dumbbell ER (SLER)]. The BFR group also trained with an automated tourniquet placed at the proximal arm (50%-occlusion). Regional lean mass (dual-energy-xray-absorptiometry), isometric strength, and muscular endurance (repetitions-to-fatigue, RTF, 20%max, with and without 50%-occlusion) was measured before and after training. Electromyographic amplitude (EMGa) was also recorded from target shoulder muscles during endurance testing. A mixed-model ANCOVA (covaried on baseline measures) was used to detect within and between-group differences in primary outcome measures (α=0.05).
Pitchers: Twenty-eight collegiate baseball pitchers were randomized into 2 groups (BFRN=15, NOBFRN=13) that, in conjunction with offseason training, performed 8wks of shoulder LIX [Throwing arm only; 2/wk, 4 sets (30/15/15/fatigue), 20%isometric max] using 4 exercises [cable external and internal rotation (ER/IR), dumbbell scaption, and side-lying dumbbell ER]. The BFR group also trained with an automated tourniquet on the proximal arm (50%-occlusion). Regional lean mass (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), rotator cuff strength (dynamometry: IR0&90, ° ER0&90, ° Scaption, Flexion), and fastball biomechanics were assessed pre- and post-training. Achievable workload (sets × reps × resistance) was also recorded. An ANCOVA (covaried on baseline measures) repeated on training timepoint was used to detect within-group and between-group differences in outcome measures (α=0.05). For significant pairwise comparisons, effect size (ES) was calculated using a Cohen's d statistic and interpreted as: 0-0.1, negligible(N); 0.1-0.3, small(S); 0.3-0.5, moderate(M); 0.5-0.7, large(L); >0.7, very large(VL).
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Basic Science
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 65 Years（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Healthy, untrained volunteers
排除标准
- •Previous history of shoulder injury occurring in the laterality of choice
- •Current painful dysfunction resulting in exercise limitation
- •Any health-related exercise limitation as ordered by physician
- •Vascular compromise or previous vascular surgery
- •Ages outside of 18-65
- •Inability to access clinic and equipment
- •Currently involved in structured strength training regimen of the upper extremity
研究组 & 干预措施
Experimental: BFR
Participants in this group performed the exercises with the blood flow restriction therapy cuff
干预措施: Blood flow restriction therapy (Device)
No Intervention: Control
Participants in this group performed the exercises without the blood flow restriction therapy cuff
结局指标
主要结局
Determine if BFR Changes Shoulder Lean Muscle Mass in Pitchers
时间窗: Baseline, 8 weeks
Shoulder lean muscle mass was measured in grams using DEXA. These data are reported for each arm.
Isometric Rotator Cuff Strength in General Population
时间窗: Baseline and 8 weeks
Peak strength was measured using a hand-held dynamometer. A standardized procedure was used for shoulder strength testing, and all testing was performed by a sports-specialized (American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties Sports Clinical Specialist) physical therapist. A total of 6 different maximal isometric strength tests were used to measure the strength of the rotator cuff muscles in the following order: (1) seated forward flexion at 90 of shoulder abduction, (2) seated scaption at 90, (3) seated external rotation (ER) at 0, (4) seated internal rotation (IR) at 0, (5) prone ER at 90, and (6) prone IR at 90. Peak strength was measured using a microFET2 (Hoggan Scientific) hand-held dynamometer. For each isometric test, participants performed a 3-second maximal-exertion contraction against the dynamometer to determine peak strength. For each measure, tests were performed 3 times, and the highest value among the 3 trials was selected as the maximal strength value.
Isometric Rotator Cuff Strength in Pitchers
时间窗: Baseline, 8 weeks
Peak strength was measured using a hand-held dynamometer. A standardized procedure was used for shoulder strength testing, and all testing was performed by a sports-specialized (American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties Sports Clinical Specialist) physical therapist. A total of 6 different maximal isometric strength tests were used to measure the strength of the rotator cuff muscles in the following order: (1) seated forward flexion at 90 of shoulder abduction, (2) seated scaption at 90, (3) seated external rotation (ER) at 0, (4) seated internal rotation (IR) at 0, (5) prone ER at 90, and (6) prone IR at 90. Peak strength was measured using a microFET2 (Hoggan Scientific) hand-held dynamometer. For each isometric test, participants performed a 3-second maximal-exertion contraction against the dynamometer to determine peak strength. For each measure, tests were performed 3 times, and the highest value among the 3 trials was selected as the maximal strength value.
Determine if BFR Changes UE Lean Muscle Mass in the General Population
时间窗: Baseline and 8 weeks
UE lean muscle mass was measured in grams using DEXA. These data are reported as an average of both the left and right side.
次要结局
- Strength Endurance in General Population(Baseline and 8 weeks)
研究者
Patrick McCulloch,MD
Principal Investigator
The Methodist Hospital Research Institute