Using 3D Printed Advanced Cardiac Models for Transseptal Puncture, Cardiac Ablation, and Cardiac Tamponade Simulation Training to Enhance Medical Education: a Randomized Controlled Educational Trial

Background： The standard methodology for education in medicine, particularly in cardiology, still follows the apprenticeship model, where trainees observe, gradually take over, and practice under supervision until they can independently perform procedures. The traditional pedagogical strategy for complex medical procedures, like cardiac catheterization, emphasizes the "see one, do one, teach one" doctrine. Studies have revealed the superior efficacy of 3D printing in medical education, particularly in enhancing learning skills and knowledge among medical students. The demand for 3D printed models in medical education is increasing continuously.

Study Design：

This study is a single-center, pilot, prospective, randomized controlled educational trial.

Methods：

The trial will be conducted in the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine at Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital. The investigators plan to enroll 50 participants, who will be randomly assigned to either the 3D model training group (n=25) or the conventional curriculum group (n=25) in a 1:1 ratio. All participants will undergo pre- and post-training assessments, including a knowledge test (structured written questionnaire), an attitude assessment (semi-structured satisfaction questionnaire), and a skills evaluation (direct observation of procedural skills, DOPS).