Effects of Innovative "Living Low - Training High" Methods on Performance and Physiological Responses in Well-trained Swimmers.
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 尚未招募
- 入组人数
- 36
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Time-trial
研究概览
简要总结
To overcome the lack of knowledge regarding the impact of different "living low, training high" methods on swimming performance, a 4-week intervention will be carried out to determine and compare the effects of three Repeated Sprints in Hypoxia (RSH) methods with each other and with a control group. Our goal is to characterize and compare the adaptations in swimming performance and in cardiorespiratory, metabolic, and muscle oxygenation responses that can arise after a 4-week training period of RSH and RSH-voluntary hypoventilation (VHL) performed in a ski-ergometer.
详细描述
Recently, several new "living low training high" (LLTH) methods involving repeated sprints in hypoxia have shown promising results, especially in team sports. However, the underlying mechanisms remain mostly unclear, as does its effectiveness in improving swimming performance.
Hypoxemia can be induced by exposure to ambient hypoxia conditions, by voluntary hypoventilation at low lung volume, or by vascular occlusion (namely, blood flow restriction). Swimming performance is influenced by aerobic and anaerobic metabolism and could benefit from these different LLTH methods.
This project aims to compare the effects of repeated sprint training performed with a ski-ergometer 1) in a hypoxic chamber and 2) with voluntary hypoventilation on the performance of swimmers, as well as to characterize cardiorespiratory, metabolic, and muscle oxygenation adaptations that may contribute to the improvements achieved after four weeks of each of these types of training.
All groups will be evaluated before and after the supervised training period in three testing sessions in normoxia, separated by at least 24 hours within 7 days. Swimmers will perform: 1) time-trial (100 m front crawl) in the swimming pool to determine performance, V̇̇O2 peak, and lactate concentration following the test; 2) incremental test to exhaustion in the swim-ergometer to determine aerobic peak power, cardiorespiratory responses (V̇̇O2max, ventilatory thresholds), and maximal tissue deoxygenation; 3) time-trial test in the ski-ergometer (100 m) to access performance, muscle and pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics, and the relative contribution of energetic systems.
Training sessions will be performed in the ski-ergometer and consist of 4 sets of 5x6s all-out sprints with 24s and 5 min of passive rest between the sprints and sets, respectively. In all testing and training sessions, pulse oxygen saturation will be measured for safety purposes.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Other
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 30 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Swimmers from both sexes;
- •With regular participation in National Championships;
- •More than five years of training experience;
- •No recent exposure/acclimatization to altitude;
- •No recent exposition to Blood Flow Restriction training.
排除标准
- •athletes who had an acclimatization experience or exposure to altitude lasting more than 10 days in the last 6 months;
- •pregnant or postpartum women;
结局指标
主要结局
Time-trial
时间窗: Before and after 4 weeks of supervised training period
seconds
Ventilatory thresholds and maximum oxygen consumption
时间窗: Before and after 4 weeks of supervised training period
mL/kg·min
Lactate concentration
时间窗: Before and after 4 weeks of supervised training period
mmol.L-1
Muscle oximetry
时间窗: Before and after 4 weeks of supervised training period
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)
次要结局
- Heart rate(Before and after 4 weeks of supervised training period)
- Arterial oxygen saturation(Before and after 4 weeks of supervised training period)