Demonstration of ALIGN: Aligning Medications With What Matters Most

PLWD have high rates of polypharmacy. This is due to the high degree of comorbid illnesses and challenging behavioral and psychological symptoms such as apathy and agitation. Guidelines written for individual conditions increase polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use, in which risks of medications outweigh benefits, or medications may not align with treatment goals. PIM in PLWD include anticholingerics, psychotropics and opioids, which are prescribed to PLWD in rates that far exceed use in the general older adult population, in spite of the association with harms such as falls, negative cognitive effects, cardiac conduction abnormalities, respiratory suppression and death. Polypharmacy and PIM use among PLWD is associated with adverse drug events, emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and treatment burden, suggesting that in some situations, "the cure may have become the disease."

The use of these and other medications requires nuanced decision-making to balance potential benefits and harms for PLWD. In keeping with principles of person-centered care, people should be on the medicines that will help achieve the persons goals, but not medicines that are likely to be harmful or unhelpful.

Deprescribing statins, antihypertensives, and psychotropic medications in older adults has been shown to be safe, and may lead to improved quality of life, reductions in falls, and improvements in cognitive and psychomotor function. Lessons from successful interventions include the need to target primary care clinicians and patients, and to target more than one class of medications. Most deprescribing interventions have occurred in hospitals, long-term care facilities, or home healthcare, not in primary care - typically the first point of contact with the health care system for PLWD. Few deprescribing studies have addressed care partners of PLWD, despite the enormous strain faced due to medication-related tasks and the person's specific informational and decisional needs and conflicts. These are gaps that the proposed research would address.

The investigator's previous research has shown that care partners want primary care providers (PCPs) to discuss medication-related goals of care as dementia progresses, and to acknowledge the tradeoffs implicit in using medications for symptom management in PLWD. But PCPs cite time pressure and lack of guidance of when and how to stop medications for PLWD as barriers to having these conversations. Pharmacists are ideally suited to help address these problems by providing evidence-based, individualized deprescribing recommendations without increasing demands on PCP time.

The clinical trial consists of the following strategies: 1) direct-to-consumer deprescribing educational materials designed to activate the care partner and PLWD; 2) telehealth visit in which a pharmacist discusses benefits and harms of the medications with the patient and care partner in the context of the person's goals and preferences; and 3) pharmacist-PCP communication in which the pharmacist provides tailored deprescribing recommendations that are actionable for the PCP. Pharmacists will receive a laminated tip sheet and participate in a 20-minute webinar. Decisions about discontinuation or continuation of medications will ultimately be made by the PCP and patient/care partner.