The Effect of Low Dose Caffeine on Serve Speed, Spike Speed, and Speed-Endurance in Elite Sitting Volleyball Players: A Randomized Double-Blind Crossover Study
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 13
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Serve Speed
研究概览
简要总结
Background: Sitting volleyball is a sport that relies primarily on upper body strength and anaerobic capacity. In critical in-game skills such as serve and spike, factors such as speed-endurance time and impact power play a decisive role in performance. There are limited studies in the literature examining the effects of low-dose caffeine consumption on these skills. The effects of ergogenic supplements in Paralympic sports have not been sufficiently investigated, and the potential benefits of caffeine on serve and spike performance in sitting volleyball players remain unclear. Purpose: The main purpose of this research was to determine the effects of low-dose caffeine (3 mg/kg) consumption on the serve speed, spike speed and Speed-Endurance performances of elite-level sitting volleyball players. Method: The study was designed using a randomized, double-blind, balanced, and crossover experimental design. 13 elite male athletes from the 2024 Paravolley European Champion Sitting Volleyball Men's National Team participated in the study. Participants were evaluated for serve speed, spike speed, and speed-endurance performances in both 3 mg/kg caffeine (CAF) and placebo (PLA) conditions.
详细描述
This study aimed to investigate the effects of low-dose caffeine ingestion on key performance parameters in elite-level sitting volleyball athletes. Sitting volleyball is a Paralympic sport that relies heavily on upper body explosive strength and short-term anaerobic power. While caffeine is a well-known ergogenic aid in able-bodied sports, its role in Paralympic contexts remains underexplored. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design, the effects of 3 mg/kg caffeine consumption were assessed in 13 elite male sitting volleyball players. Each participant completed performance assessments under both caffeine and placebo conditions. The primary goal was to examine whether caffeine intake would enhance serve speed, spike speed, and repeated sprint ability. The study provides new insights into the acute ergogenic effects of caffeine in Paralympic team sport athletes, highlighting its selective benefit on explosive upper-body tasks such as serving.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Crossover
- 主要目的
- Basic Science
- 盲法
- Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 35 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- Male
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Male sitting volleyball players aged between 18 and 40
- •Member of the 2024 National Sitting Volleyball Team
- •At least 3 years of competitive playing experience
- •No caffeine consumption 48 hours prior to testing
- •Provided informed consent to participate
排除标准
- •Known cardiovascular, neurological, or metabolic disorders
- •Current use of medications that may affect caffeine metabolism
- •Allergy or sensitivity to caffeine
- •Use of performance-enhancing substances within the last month
研究组 & 干预措施
Low-Dose Caffeine Arm
Participants receive a single oral dose of caffeine (3 mg/kg) during the first session and a placebo in the second session. There is a washout period of at least 48 hours between sessions.
干预措施: Caffeine (Dietary Supplement)
Low-Dose Caffeine Arm
Participants receive a single oral dose of caffeine (3 mg/kg) during the first session and a placebo in the second session. There is a washout period of at least 48 hours between sessions.
干预措施: Placebo (Dietary Supplement)
Placebo Arm
Participants receive a placebo during the first session and a single oral dose of caffeine (3 mg/kg) in the second session. There is a washout period of at least 48 hours between sessions.
干预措施: Placebo (Dietary Supplement)
Placebo Arm
Participants receive a placebo during the first session and a single oral dose of caffeine (3 mg/kg) in the second session. There is a washout period of at least 48 hours between sessions.
干预措施: Caffeine (Dietary Supplement)
结局指标
主要结局
Serve Speed
时间窗: After 60 minutes ingestion of the supplement on test day (CAF and PLA)
Serve speed will be assessed using a calibrated radar device to record peak velocity of each participant's volleyball serve.
Spike Speed
时间窗: After 60 minutes ingestion of the supplement on test day (CAF and PLA)
Maximum spike speed will be measured in kilometers per hour (km/h) using a radar gun during a standardized spike task conducted after supplementation in each condition.
Speed-Endurance
时间窗: After 60 minutes ingestion of the supplement on test day (CAF and PLA)
The number of maximal shuttle runs completed in a repeated sprint ability (RSA) test protocol will be recorded to assess speed-endurance capacity.
次要结局
未报告次要终点
研究者
Ulaç Can YILDIRIM
Assoc. Prof.
Sinop University