Better Risk Perception Via Patient Similarity to Control Hyperglycemia and Sustained by Telemonitoring

Diabetes has emerged as a significant public health concern globally, and Singapore is no exception. As of 2022, 8.5% of the adults in Singapore is affected by diabetes and the number is expected to reach 1 million by 2050, making it imperative to address the associated challenges. The economic implications of diabetes extend beyond healthcare costs, impacting productivity and quality of life. The total cost among the working-age population with diabetes - direct and indirect costs included - is expected to rise from USD 787 million (USD 5,646 per person) in 2010 to USD 1,867 million in 2050 (USD 7,791 per person).

In addition, diabetes poses a substantial risk of complications that can adversely impact various organ systems. Complications such as cardiovascular diseases, neuropathy, and retinopathy pose severe threats to the health of individuals with poorly managed diabetes. A study on global trend of diabetes mortality revealed a concerning global increase in diabetes-related mortality, particularly due to vascular complications, posing a significant challenge to diabetes management. To address the rising trends of mortality, it is crucial to enhance awareness of diabetes complications to improve risk perception and ultimately reduce mortality rates.

Perceived risk of diabetes complications can impact patient behavior, influencing adherence to treatment plans and lifestyle changes. Individuals with a higher risk perception may be more likely to engage in proactive management, leading to better health outcomes and potentially reducing mortality rates associated with diabetes complications. On the other hand, individuals with poorer risk perception may neglect necessary precautions, leading to suboptimal disease management and an increased likelihood of complications, potentially impacting mortality rates.

A systematic review on risk perceptions of diabetes complications highlights a concerning lack of awareness regarding the risk of diabetes related complications among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Similarly, research studies on diabetes complications risk awareness, particularly in Singapore, revealed knowledge gaps among adults. Despite the significant impact on quality of life, later-stage T2DM and its complications were perceived as slowly progressing and not immediately life-threatening. Hence, for poorly controlled diabetes patients, effective communication regarding the risks of complications is paramount.

Weaver et al defined risk communication as "the effective and accurate exchange of information about health risks and hazards" so as to "advance risk awareness and understanding and promote health-protective behaviors". Enhancing risk communication not only promotes informed decision-making but also advances early intervention and preventive measures. Furthermore, Hashim J et al emphasized the importance of considering social and cultural factors in the development of effective interventions among adults with elevated risk perception yet do not engage in preventive actions. The study also suggested that diverse perspectives concerning the benefits and weaknesses related to preventive measures can impact the long-term sustainability of these behaviors.