Construction and Validation of an Early Diagnosis Model for Colorectal Adenoma Based on Laboratory Examinations

Colorectal cancer ranks the third in incidence and the second in mortality among all malignant tumors, constituting a major global public health concern. Unlike many other malignancies, colorectal cancer is preventable. Early detection and resection of adenomatous polyps via colonoscopy represent the most effective strategy for colorectal cancer prevention. Intestinal adenomas often present without specific clinical symptoms in the early stage. By the time patients seek medical care due to symptomatic manifestations, most have progressed to the middle or advanced stage, which exerts severe adverse impacts on subsequent therapeutic outcomes and long-term survival prognosis.

Although colonoscopy serves as the primary modality for the early diagnosis of intestinal adenoma, it is an invasive procedure associated with poor adherence among some patients. In addition, primary medical institutions are constrained by limited medical resources. Accurate and timely early diagnosis of intestinal adenoma is closely linked to targeted clinical intervention and improved patient survival outcomes. Therefore, it is critical to identify an early diagnostic approach for intestinal adenoma that boasts high patient acceptance, low technical barriers, convenience and cost-effectiveness. In recent years, with the advancement and wider accessibility of data analytics tools such as artificial intelligence (AI), growing research efforts have focused on addressing this clinical challenge using AI algorithms. Laboratory testing is routinely performed in clinical practice and delivers timely results, and the massive volume of laboratory data provides evidence supporting early disease diagnosis and prognostic prediction. Advances in artificial intelligence enable clinicians to convert abundant clinical data into practical predictive models to enhance diagnostic performance. Accordingly, integrated analysis of electronic medical records and laboratory results using artificial intelligence facilitates timely detection and early diagnosis of intestinal adenoma, and ultimately improves patient survival prognosis.