Effects of the Application of a Motor Programme Throughout an Academic Year on the Neurological Maduration of a Sample of 2nd Grade Children of Primary Schools in Catalonia
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 招募中
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 200
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Reflex status
研究概览
简要总结
The persistence of primitive reflexes in school-age children can affect neuromotor maturation. Some studies link the persistence of primitive reflexes with specific learning difficulties, low academic performance, neurodevelopmental disorders, and behavioral problems. There are studies that suggest introducing intervention programs to help integrate the activity of these reflexes. The objective of this study is to assess the effects of implementing a motor program on the neurologic maturation of second-grade children throughout an academic year in Catalonia.
A prospective experimental longitudinal and randomized pre-post study will be conducted with two groups: Non Intervention group and intervention group, known as the INPP Movement Program Group (with daily application of the motor program), lasting for one academic year (from September '23 to June '24). Currently, a feasibility study will be conducted at a school in Valls, with a sample of 50 children, and data will be collected at the beginning and end of the academic year. The study will analyze primitive reflexes, motor skills related to balance and coordination, oculo-motor skills, and the risk of presenting dyslexia. Once the feasibility study is completed, the same study with appropriate modifications will be carried out in different schools across Catalonia during the academic year 2024 - 2025 (yet to be determined).
详细描述
Introduction: In a study conducted in Catalonia in 2020, it was found that 18,3% of school-age children between 5 and 17 years old had some neurodevelopmental disorder. There are studies that relate neurodevelopment to neuromotor immaturity and the presence of primitive reflexes. Others studies associate primitive reflexes with: attention deficit (ADD), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), motor disorders and cognitive performance disorders.
Neuromotor immaturity, as defined by The Institute for Neuro-Physiological Psychology (INPP), involves the retention of a set of primitive reflexes beyond the first year of life and the absence and/or underdevelopment of postural reflexes beyond three years of age.
Primitive reflexes promote movement, and through movement, these reflexes gradually integrate. As a result, primitive reflexes are replaced by more mature postural reactions that are used throughout life. Properly developed postural reactions form the basis of good posture, balance, and coordination. However, in older age, some primitive reflexes may remain unintegrated. Regardless of a child's age, the presence of these reflexes indicates neuromotor immaturity.
Some studies describe primitive reflexes as one of the contributing factors to neurodevelopmental disorders, affecting the harmonious motor development of the child. Immature motor skills have been linked to learning difficulties such as reading and writing problems, difficulties in numerical skills, dyslexia, and behavioral problems. The presence of retained primitive reflexes is more common in children with neurodevelopmental disorders, and it acts as a barrier to learning.
There is evidence linking the presence of primitive reflexes to visual skills in children aged 6 to 14 years. Visual skills can influence reading and writing due to the connection between visual skills and hand-eye coordination. These visual skills, along with balance, coordination, and postural control, are essential for fixing the gaze and reading and writing fluently.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Health Services Research
- 盲法
- Double (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 7 Years 至 9 Years（Child）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Children enrolled in the second grade of the selected schools
- •Age between 7 and 9 years
排除标准
- •Children unable to perform the exercises due to physical and/or cognitive limitations
- •Those unable to consistently attend the therapy sessions (with an absence rate of more than 80%) or have physical limitations
- •Children who cannot understand the language and therefore cannot complete the questionnaires and tests to be conducted
结局指标
主要结局
Reflex status
时间窗: At the begining and at the end of an academic year
To assess the neuromotor maturation pre and post application of the INPP school programme in 2nd grade children of different schools in Catalonia and its relation to reflex status using the INPP Test battery for use in schools. The Test battery consists on: Ayres Test for the Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex Hoff -Schilder Test for the The Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex Ayres Test for the Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex Erect Test for the Tonic Labyrinth Reflex The assessment is through a 5-point likert scale where 0 means no retention of primitive reflexes and no immaturity and 5 means 100% dysfunction.
次要结局
- Motor skills(At the begining and at the end of an academic year)
- oculomotor functioning(At the begining and at the end of an academic year)
- risk of presenting dyslexia.(At the begining and at the end of an academic year)