Effect of Systemic Inflammatory Response Attenuating Cardiopulmonary Bypass Strategy Reduces New Ischemic/Embolic Lesions After Acute Type A Aortic Dissection Surgery: the sirA-CPB Randomized Clinical Trial

Type A acute aortic dissection (TAAAD) is a life-threatening disease that typically requires emergency surgery to prevent rupture from causing major bleeding events, with insufficient attention paid to its thromboembolic events. Although measures to avoid bleeding during the perioperative period and postoperative anticoagulation are routine in clinical practice, guidelines and consensus often emphasize monitoring the progression of connective tissue diseases, developing long-term healthy lifestyle habits after surgery, and specific anticoagulant therapy. It is difficult to find guidelines or consensus on maintaining overall balance of the coagulation system throughout the body during the perioperative period. Reasonable intervention during surgery may help improve prognosis. The new strategy of systemic inflammatory response attenuating cardiopulmonary bypass (sirA-CPB) in this study theoretically reduces the degree of systemic inflammatory response during surgery and reduces postoperative complications such as ischemic/thromboembolic events. This study does not increase participants' financial burden, only slightly modifying the original tubing and devices of CPB (cardiopulmonary bypass, also known as extracorporeal circulation) to reduce the gas-blood contacting foreign bodies area and time, maintain stable blood pressure, reduce intraoperative blood loss and inflammation after treatment, and lower fluid volume priming to achieve the goal of reducing the systemic inflammatory response during surgery. For safety reasons, a bypass has been set up and can be converted to traditional extracorporeal circulation in case of emergency during surgery. The inclusion criteria for this study are patients aged ≥ 18 years who are planning to undergo type A acute aortic dissection open surgery. If participants' age and intended surgery match, the investigators will arrange to introduce the participant to this study. But if patients have not signed the informed consent form; Currently participating in other clinical trials; Patients with communication impairments in thinking, language, or hearing; Preoperative history of coagulation dysfunction or hematological disorders; Severe liver and kidney dysfunction; History of mental illness; Patients who refuse blood transfusions (Jehovah Witness); Fever exceeding 38℃ or combined with systemic infection; The investigators will not include the patients in this study. The investigators need participants' cooperation to conduct telephone follow-up with participants at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, 24 months, and 36 months after discharge. Please reply to any questions related to treatment and rehabilitation, and agree to investigators inquiry of participants' follow-up information. Possible benefits will conclude reduce the incidence of systemic inflammation or infection after surgery, potentially reduce deep vein thrombosis, central nervous system dysfunction, cardiac, pulmonary, or renal complications, decrease blood transfusions during hospitalization, and reduce transfusion related costs. Meanwhile, the information obtained through participants will contribute to medical progress and benefit patients with similar conditions in the future. Of course, participants may also not benefit: this treatment may not reduce the patient's inflammatory response or blood transfusion during hospitalization, or postoperative complications related to the nervous system, heart, lungs, or kidneys.