What Works to Prevent Violence Against Women and Girls: Impact at Scale: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Effectiveness of a Community-mobilisation Intervention to Prevent Violence Against Women in Malawi
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 招募中
- 入组人数
- 1,700
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Indicator for Past year experience of economic violence from a partner (among women who have had an intimate partner in the past year)
研究概览
简要总结
Violence against women is complex and must be addressed at multiple levels, with leadership from women themselves on how to bring about positive change to free women and girls from daily experiences of violence and to promote their rights. It is in this context that the Pamodzi Kuthetsa Nkhanza (PKN) consortium will implement a programme to facilitate the prevention of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Malawi as one of the most common forms of VAW experienced in Malawi. The programme takes a whole community approach and uses gender transformative approaches at different levels of society to address the root causes of IPV. It will draw primarily on two existing, evidence-based prevention models, namely SASA! Together (community mobilisation model) and Moyo Olemekeza (MO) (gender norms and behaviour change and economic empowerment approach). The institutional strengthening component of these evaluations is meant to create an enabling environment.
The cRCT described in this protocol will assess the added value of the women's social and economic empowerment programme (MO) when layered on top of SASA! Together for eligible at-risk households.
详细描述
According to the 2016 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey, 42% of ever-married women aged 15 - 49 have experienced spousal physical, sexual, or emotional violence by their current or most recent spouse, and a third (33%) of ever-married women experienced at least one of these forms of violence in the 12 months before the survey. Overall, 41% of all women (whether they have ever been married or not) have experienced physical or sexual violence. Despite these high levels of violence against women and girls (VAWG), there are a limited number of evidence-based interventions focused on preventing VAW adapted and evaluated in Malawi.
The PKN programme in Malawi will implement two evidence based prevention models. The first is SASA! Together, the most recent revision of the SASA! Activist Kit, an evidence-based community mobilisation approach developed by Raising Voices in 2008. It aims to change social norms across the community, impacting how community members think about violence against women and about how they use their power in their intimate relationships and in the broader community. The institutional strengthening components create an enabling environment. The second is the MO approach which is a family-based, women's economic and social empowerment approach. It has been adapted from Zindagii Shoista, another evidence-based approach implemented and evaluated in Tajikistan, which comprises a combination of gender norm, behavioural change and income-generating activities.
This protocol outlines the parameters of an evaluation of the added effect of the economic empowerment component, MO, on levels of violence against women in aged 18-49 in two districts of Malawi that are also receiving SASA! Together.
The primary research question in this study is:
- What is the additional value of adding a women's social and economic empowerment programme (MO) for (randomly selected eligible) households with a female aged 18-49 in a heterosexual couple in communities that are already receiving SASA! Together across two districts in Malawi (Balaka and Lilongwe)?
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Prevention
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 49 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- Female
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •The household has a woman aged 18-49 who are in monogamous relationships
- •The household is food insecure, where food insecurity is scored on a scale of (0-7) and constructed from responses on 3 questions related to the household's food sufficiency (a) How does the household meet its food needs (b) How often does the household has food surplus and (c) How many times do you eat a full meal on a typical day over a year.
- •The primary decision maker of the household is male
- •Household is willing to participate in community meetings
排除标准
- 未提供
研究组 & 干预措施
SASA! Together + MO
600 women + 300 men sampled for the evaluation of MO
干预措施: MO (Behavioral)
SASA! Together + MO
600 women + 300 men sampled for the evaluation of MO
干预措施: SASA! Together (Behavioral)
SASA! Together
400 women + 200 men will be sampled for comparison group
干预措施: SASA! Together (Behavioral)
结局指标
主要结局
Indicator for Past year experience of economic violence from a partner (among women who have had an intimate partner in the past year)
时间窗: 12 months
This indicator equals to one if the respondent reports a partner perpetrated any of the following behaviors in the past 12 months: (i) Prohibits respondent from earning money (ii) Takes earnings from respondent against her will (iii) Refuses to give money for household expenses (iv) Keeps respondent from getting a loan (v) ) Not let respondent participate in deciding how the family finances are spend.
Indicator for Past year experience of any violence (physical, sexual, or emotional) from a partner (among women who have had an intimate partner in the past year)
时间窗: 12 months
Defining past year experience of intimate partner violence using the World Health Organization's "Multi-country study measure for intimate partner violence" module.
Indicator for engaged in any income generating activity in the past 3 months (among all women and men separately)
时间窗: From time of implementation to endline assessment is 3 years
次要结局
- Indicator for Past year experience of physical violence from a partner (among women who have had an intimate partner in the past year)(12 months)
- Indicator for Past year experience of sexual violence from a partner (among women who have had an intimate partner in the past year)(12 months)
- Indicator for Past year experience of emotional violence from a partner (among women who have had an intimate partner in the past year)(12 months)
- Index for Acceptability of intimate partner violence (among all women and men separately).(From time of implementation to endline assessment is 3 years)
- Food Insecurity Index using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (among all women and men separately)(4 weeks)
- Indicators of Mental Health(From time of implementation to endline assessment is 3 years)
- Index of Women's equal decision-making power over the generation and use of income and assets (among all women and men separately).(From time of implementation to endline assessment is 3 years)
- Indicator for Past year experience of controlling behaviour from a partner (among women who have had an intimate partner in the past year)(12 months)
- Index of Appropriate community response to women experiencing IPV in past year (among all women and men separately)(From time of implementation to endline assessment is 3 years)
- Index of Income Earned in the past 4 weeks (among all women and men separately)(4 weeks)
- Index of Acceptability of women working outside the home (among all women and men separately).(From time of implementation to endline assessment is 3 years)
研究者
Saini Das
Research Scientist
George Washington University