Effect of Different Concentrations of Sodium Hypochlorite on Post Operative Pain Following Single Visit Root Canal Treatment

Diagnostic procedures to include history taking and clinical and radiographic examination with all findings being recorded in patient's notes.

• A prolonged exaggerated response (more than 10 seconds) to a cold pulp sensibility test and a positive response to the electric pulp tester will be considered evidence for irreversible pulpitis.

Patients will be asked to rate their pre-treatment pain on a visual analogue scale from 0 to 10.

Patients with moderate pain will be selected, VAS score (4 - 6).

• ANESTHESIA Patients receive 2 cartridges of 2% Articaine with 1:80000 epinephrine in an Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block Injection
• Access opening, isolation and first rinse with NaOCl After access preparation, each tooth will be isolated using rubber dam. Patients will be randomly assigned to either of the following groups: 3% NaOCl or 6% NaOCl. The pulp chamber will be filled with 2mL irrigant for 2 min followed by saline irrigation.
• Hand Instrumentation The patency of canals will be established and an initial glidepath be prepared using size 10 and 15 K-files (Mani, Mani Inc., Tochigi, Japan)
• WORKING LENGHT WL will be determined using apex locator (DentaPort ZX, J.Morita USA) and confirmed radiographically to be 1 mm short of the radiographic apex.
• ROTARY INSTRUMENTATION Mechanical prep using a Niti rotary system (Protaper Universal, Dentsply Sirona) in a torque-controlled endodontic motor (X-Smart plus, Dentsply Maillefer) according to the manufacturer's sequence and recommendations of speed and torque. Canal prep with S1 and SX instruments in a crown-down sequence to shape the coronal two-thirds of canal.
• APICAL PREPARATION Apical patency will be maintained with a size 10 K file before each rotary-instrument change.The apical preparation will be done using S1, S2, F1 or F2 up to WL corresponding to tip size of F1 or F2.
• IRRIGATION
• Between instruments, the root canals will be irrigated with 2 mL of either 3% or 6% NaOCl with a 30G x 25mm side-perforated needle (Medic Endo Irrigation Needles, HDS).
• The tip of the needle will be kept 4mm short of WL. The needle will be repeatedly moved up and down in order to prevent locking in the canals.
• Volume of irrigant use after every instrumentation - 2ml
• Total volume of NaOCl used per canal - 8-10ml , per Tooth - 24 - 30 ml
• After NaOCl, canals will be flushed with 5ml normal saline irrigation.
• Smear layer will be removed by irrigation with 17% EDTA, (EDTA; Glycle File Prep, Dentsply Maillefer) followed by 5 mL normal saline irrigation.
• DRYING CANALS At the same visit, the root canals will be dried with paper points (GAPADENT Absorbent paper points)
• OBTURATION Shall be filled with matched size gutta-percha cones (Meta Biomed Co, Korea) and sealar (Endoplus Root Canal Sealer 13,5g President Dental Germany) using the single cone technique.
• Sealed with Temporary restoration (Cavit, 3M ESPE, Germany) Patients will receive a rescue bag of 10 Ibuprofen in case they have pain with instructions for ondemand use.