Efficacy of Esmolol Versus Magnesium Sulphate on Quality of Recovery in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Randomized Controlled Study

The primary end point of this study are variables concerning immediate postoperative recovery like times needed for spontaneous eye opening, tongue protrusion, extubation and ability of the patient to mention name. Secondary outcomes includes pain assessment using pain numerical scale, time for first call to analgesia, total amount of intraoperative fentanyl consumption, total dose of rescue antiemetics and time of discharge from PACU.

Following attaining Ethical committee approval and patient's written consent- after broad explanation of the entire procedure- 60 patients aged 20-65 years of both sexes, of American society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II planned for ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia were engaged to this study.

Exclusion criteria were: patients on chronic use or known allergic to the study drugs, body mass index >35 kg/m2, significant organ dysfunction, cardiac dysrhythmias, neuromuscular diseases, liver or renal disease, known asthma or reactive airway diseases.

Preoperatively all participants were carefully evaluated via detailed history taking, thorough physical examination and routine investigations (complete blood picture, renal function tests and liver functions). Also, they were instructed in the utilization of the verbal rating scale (VRS).

For blinding purpose, both the study drugs were prepared by an anaesthesiologist not enrolled in data assumption. Accordingly, for every case 2 prefilled syringes; one 10-ml for loading dose and the other 20-ml for maintenance infusion were given unidentified to the operating theater containing either Esmolol (Esmolol hydrochloride; Baxter Healthcare Corp., Deerfield, USA) or MgSo4 ( Egyptian international pharmaceutical indust., EYGPT).