Can Latency of Action in Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block be Shortened With Warmed Bupivacaine?

The study design was approved by the locale ethics committee. This double-blinded, randomized, controlled clinical trial recruited 60 patients aged between 18 and 65 years with the American society of anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification systems I/II and III who were candidated for surgical operations on any of the forearm, wrist and hand regions. All the participants were asked to sign an informed consent form after having been provided with details of the aim and proceedings of the study.

Patients were excluded from the study if they had a neurological and neuromuscular disorders, psychiatric problems, cardiopulmonary diseases, coagulopathy, infections or allergy to local anesthetic agents.

The patients were equally and randomly distributed into a 24C° 20 ml 0,5% bupivacaine group (Group 1), and 37C° 20 ml 0,5% bupivacaine group (Group 2) via closed envelope technique. All the participants were premedicated with 0.05 mg/kg of intravenous midazolam and monitored routinely before attempting nerve block.

Bupivacaine stored for at least 2 hours in a bain-marie (Memmert Waterbath WNB7, Germany) at 38˚C (regular temperature calibration was made) for Group 2.

The block process was accomplished by an anesthesiologist, who was blind to the temperature of bupivacaine and local anesthetic agent was administered by different anesthesiologist.