Efficacy of Robot-assisted Walking Treatment on Gait Biomechanics, Functional Outcomes, and Quality of Life in Subjects With Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP)

In the field of rare neurological diseases, familiar spastic paraplegia represents a movement disorder with no specific therapy that can treat the disease or stop its evolution. Therefore, "therapy" is mainly symptomatic, going to act not on the cause of the disorder but on its clinical manifestation. In this context, the definition of effective rehabilitative treatment protocols is extremely important to ensure a qualitatively consistent intake with the goal of containing the functional decline related to the natural history of pathology. The crucial aspect of the disease is represented by alterations in gait pattern resulting in reduced functional skills and negative impact on the subject's quality of life.

Over the past 20 years, robotic technological gait rehabilitation has entered and spread in addition to conventional rehabilitation because of its ability to be highly motivating and engaging, showing itself effective as a complementary therapy. Among the various systems on the market, Lokomat (HOCOMA) is one of the most popular and widely used for treatment in both pediatric and adult populations. The literature is full with works in which Lokomat is used in subjects with neurological disorders (Stroke, Spinal Cord Injury, Infantile Cerebral Palsy) with good results especially in the functional domain. The objective of our study is to evaluate the efficacyof an intensive rehabilitation protocol with Lokomat combined with traditional treatment in a mixed population (pediatric and adult) of subjects with hereditary spastic paraplegia. In addition, follow-up evaluation will allow consideration of the maintenance of the results obtained from the intensive course.

Patients undergo a combined rehabilitation treatment consisting of 15 sessions on Lokomat and 15 sessions of physical therapy over three weeks for a total of 30 sessions. The same subjects undergo clinical-functional evaluations before, at the end of treatment and after a 3-month follow-up:

3D Gait Analysis with defined protocol (BTSBioenginner); Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale (SPRS); Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), Ten Meters Walk Test (10MWT), Gross Motor Function Measure-88 (GMFM-88) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS); Quality of life questionnaires: Medical Outcome Survey Short Form (SF-36) and ad hoc questionnaire for subjective assessment of symptoms during walking (HSP-SNAP).

The proposed study is both retrospective and prospective: 29 subjects have already been included in the retrospective database, and it is hypothesized to collect data from an additional 21 subjects.