Comparison of Head vs Head & Neck covering in preventing Phototherapy induced Hypocalcemia in Neonates - A Randomized Controlled Trial

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia affects a majority of newborns and often requires phototherapy. A common complication is phototherapy induced hypocalcemia, potentially caused by light induced suppression of melatonin secretion by pineal gland. While studies suggest head covering reduces this risk, evidence is limited regarding whether extending coverage to the neck provides additional protection.

This randomized controlled trial involving 100 neonates (less than or equal to 7 days old) aims to compare the effectiveness of head only covering versus combined head and neck covering in preventing Hypocalcemia. Participants will be randomized into two groups, Total serum calcium will be measured at baseline and after 24 hours of phototherapy. The study also evaluates neonatal comfort and the severity of any observed hypocalcemia. This simple, low cost intervention aims to optimize neonatal safety during phototherapy, particularly in resource limited settings.