The Effect of a Training Programme in the Variation of Fitness Parameters, Physiological, Hematological and Biochemical Indicators of Soccer Players During the Preseason Period
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- Enrolling By Invitation
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 24
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Testosterone
研究概览
简要总结
The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of varying friendly match-play exposure during the late pre-season on physiological, biochemical, and performance adaptations in soccer players. It is hypothesized that (i) significant changes will occur across the pre-season in both the extended- and limited-play groups when analysed independently; (ii) distinct group-specific adaptations will emerge by the end of the preparatory period; and (iii) match-play exposure, when analysed across all participants, will be significantly correlated with physiological and performance outcomes at pre-season completion. Players from a randomly selected team will be assessed at three time points: pre-season start, mid-pre-season (MPS), and pre-competition phase (PC). Assessments will include anthropometry, physical performance, and markers of muscle damage, inflammation, hormonal status, and haematology. Based on the total match-play time of 8 friendly games during the late pre-season, players will be retrospectively categorised into extended-play (EP) and limited-play (LP) cohorts.time of 8 friendly games during the late pre-season, players will be retrospectively categorised into extended-play (EP) and limited-play (LP) cohorts.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Cohort
- 时间视角
- Prospective
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 35 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- Male
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Male participants
- •Aged 18 years or older
- •Non-smokers
- •Injury-free for the past 6 months
- •Medication-free for the past 6 months
- •Abstinent from alcohol
- •Living at an altitude below 1500 meters
- •Committed exclusively to soccer (no participation in other sports)
排除标准
- •History of serious injuries (e.g., fractures, ligament tears) within the past 6 months
- •Chronic medical conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or respiratory disorders
- •Current use of performance-enhancing drugs or supplements
- •Participation in non-soccer-related sports or activities during the study period
结局指标
主要结局
Testosterone
时间窗: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).
Description: Serum testosterone measured to assess hormonal adaptations. Unit of Measure: ng/dL
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
时间窗: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).
Description: CRP measured as a marker of systemic inflammation. Unit of Measure: mg/L
Cortisol
时间窗: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).
Description: Serum cortisol measured to monitor stress response. Unit of Measure: µg/dL
High-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP)
时间窗: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).
Description: hs-CRP measured to detect low-grade inflammation. Unit of Measure: mg/L
Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
时间窗: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).
Description: IL-6 measured from serum to assess inflammatory response. Unit of Measure: pg/mL
Testosterone-Cortisol Ratio
时间窗: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).
Description: Calculated ratio to estimate anabolic-catabolic balance. Unit of Measure: Ratio
Body Mass
时间窗: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).
Description: Body mass measured at standard anatomical sites using a calibrated scale to track longitudinal changes over the pre-season. Unit of Measure: kg
Body Fat
时间窗: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).
Description: Body fat percentage measured using skinfold calipers at standard sites to monitor longitudinal changes. Unit of Measure: %
Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE)
时间窗: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).
Description: Participants rate exertion during standardized training sessions using the Borg Scale (6 = no exertion, 20 = maximal exertion). Unit of Measure: Borg 6-20 scale
Glucose
时间窗: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).
Description: Fasting blood glucose measured to track metabolic changes over pre-season. Unit of Measure: mg/dL
Cholesterol
时间窗: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).
Description: Total serum cholesterol measured to assess lipid profile adaptations. Unit of Measure: mg/dL
Triglycerides
时间窗: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).
Description: Serum triglycerides measured to monitor metabolic response to training. Unit of Measure: mg/dL
SGOT (AST)
时间窗: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).
Description: Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase measured to assess liver/muscle stress. Unit of Measure: U/L
SGPT (ALT)
时间窗: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).
Description: Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase measured to monitor liver/muscle stress. Unit of Measure: U/L
Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK)
时间窗: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).
Description: CPK measured to detect skeletal muscle damage. Unit of Measure: U/L
Myoglobin
时间窗: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).
Description: Myoglobin measured as a marker of muscle damage. Unit of Measure: ng/mL
Iron
时间窗: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).
Description: Serum iron measured to assess iron status. Unit of Measure: µg/dL
Ferritin
时间窗: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).
Description: Serum ferritin measured to monitor iron storage. Unit of Measure: ng/mL
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α)
时间窗: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).
Description: TNF-α measured as a marker of systemic inflammation. Unit of Measure: pg/mL
Red Blood Cells (RBC)
时间窗: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).
Description: RBC count measured from blood to assess oxygen transport capacity. Unit of Measure: million cells/µL
Hemoglobin
时间窗: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).
Description: Hemoglobin measured to evaluate oxygen-carrying capacity. Unit of Measure: g/dL
Hematocrit
时间窗: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).
Description: Hematocrit measured as percentage of RBC in blood. Unit of Measure: %
White Blood Cells (WBC)
时间窗: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).
Description: WBC count measured to monitor immune function. Unit of Measure: cells/µL
Platelets
时间窗: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).
Description: Platelet count measured to assess hematological health. Unit of Measure: cells/µL
Countermovement Jump Height
时间窗: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).
Description: Jump height measured (cm) to assess lower-limb explosive power. Unit of Measure: cm
Knee Extensor Power, Dominant Leg
时间窗: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).
Description: Measured using isokinetic dynamometer. Unit of Measure: Watts
Knee Extensor Power, Non-Dominant Leg
时间窗: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).
Description: Measured using isokinetic dynamometer. Unit of Measure: Watts
Knee Flexor Power, Dominant Leg
时间窗: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).
Description: Measured using isokinetic dynamometer. Unit of Measure: Watts
Knee Flexor Power, Non-Dominant Leg
时间窗: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).
Description: Measured using isokinetic dynamometer. Unit of Measure: Watts
10-m Sprint Time
时间窗: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).
Description: Sprint time measured using photocell gates; lower times indicate better performance. Unit of Measure: seconds
T-Test Agility
时间窗: Each measure assessed at Baseline (pre-season start), 4 weeks (mid-pre-season), and 8 weeks (pre-competition phase).
Description: Participants perform T-test agility course; lower times indicate better agility. Unit of Measure: seconds
次要结局
未报告次要终点
研究者
Emmanouil D. Zacharakis
PhD
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens