Profile of cutaneous bacterial infection and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in patients with pemphigus

Background of the StudyPemphigus is a rare autoimmune blistering disorder characterized by fragile skin and mucosal erosions due to loss of epidermal integrity. This disruption of the skin barrier, combined with prolonged hospitalization and use of systemic immunosuppressive therapy, makes patients highly susceptible to secondary cutaneous bacterial infections. Such infections significantly increase morbidity and are among the leading causes of mortality in pemphigus patients.

Common bacterial pathogens implicated include Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other opportunistic organisms. In recent years, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), has further complicated infection management. Empirical and indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics may worsen antimicrobial resistance and adversely affect patient outcomes.

Despite the clinical importance of infections in pemphigus, there is limited region-specific data from India regarding the bacteriological profile of cutaneous infections and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns. A better understanding of local microbial flora and resistance trends is essential for guiding rational, targeted antimicrobial therapy.

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Purpose of the TrialThe purpose of this study is to identify the bacterial organisms responsible for secondary skin infections in patients with pemphigus and to determine their antibiotic sensitivity patterns. By correlating culture results from skin lesions with blood cultures, the study aims to provide microbiological evidence that can support appropriate antibiotic selection, reduce unnecessary empirical antibiotic use, and promote antibiotic stewardship.

The findings of this study are expected to help clinicians optimize infection management strategies in pemphigus, thereby reducing complications, improving clinical outcomes, and contributing to region-specific antimicrobial surveillance data.