A Randomized Experiment to Test the Effects of Mass Media Photographs Related to Drug Use
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 3,570
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Positive and Negative Affect Scale (Angry)
研究概览
简要总结
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of exposure to drug-related photos used by the media on emotions, stigma towards people who use drugs, and public health services for this population.
详细描述
This randomized experiment evaluated the impact of drug-related photographs used by the media on stigma towards people who use drugs. A nationally representative sample of US adults was randomized to view different photos used in the media (a person injecting drugs, a person being resuscitated after an overdose, a person receiving treatment, a person in recovery, or a person who had lost a family member to an overdose) and then asked questions about their feelings towards people who use drugs and their acceptance of public health services to address the overdose crisis.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Other
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •participant in existing web-based survey panel (NORC's AmeriSpeak)
排除标准
- •not able to complete experiment and survey in English
研究组 & 干预措施
No exposure control group
This group was not exposed to any drug-related photo.
Photo of person injecting drugs
Participants randomized to this arm were exposed to a photo of a person injecting drugs.
干预措施: Photo of a person injecting drugs (Behavioral)
Photo of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) responding to an overdose (White)
Participants randomized to this arm were exposed to a photo of EMS responding to a white person who had overdosed.
干预措施: Photo of EMS responding to an overdose (White) (Behavioral)
Photo of EMS responding to an overdose (Black)
Participants randomized to this arm were exposed to a photo of EMS responding to a Black person who had overdosed.
干预措施: Photo of EMS responding to an overdose (Black) (Behavioral)
Photo of a person receiving treatment (Jail)
Participants randomized to this arm were exposed to a photo of a person receiving methadone treatment in jail.
干预措施: Photo of a person receiving treatment (Jail) (Behavioral)
Photo of a person receiving treatment (Community)
Participants randomized to this arm were exposed to a photo of a person receiving methadone treatment in a community setting.
干预措施: Photo of a person receiving treatment (Community) (Behavioral)
Photo of a person in recovery (White)
Participants randomized to this arm were exposed to a photo of a white person in recovery in their workplace.
干预措施: Photo of a person in recovery (White) (Behavioral)
Photo of a person in recovery (Black)
Participants randomized to this arm were exposed to a photo of a Black person in recovery in their workplace.
干预措施: Photo of a person in recovery (Black) (Behavioral)
Photo of a family member of an overdose decedent
Participants randomized to this arm were exposed to a photo of a person who had lost a family member to an overdose.
干预措施: Photo of a family member of an overdose decedent (Behavioral)
结局指标
主要结局
Positive and Negative Affect Scale (Angry)
时间窗: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Rating of feeling angry at the present moment. Item from the Positive and Negative Affect Scale. Measured on 5-point Likert scale with 1 indicating "not at all" and 5 indicating "extremely" their feeling angry at the present moment.
Positive and Negative Affect Scale (Sympathy)
时间窗: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Rating of feeling sympathy at the present moment. Item from the Positive and Negative Affect Scale. Measured on 5-point Likert scale with 1 indicating "not at all" and 5 indicating "extremely" their feeling sympathy at the present moment.
Positive and Negative Affect Scale (Disgust)
时间窗: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Rating of feeling disgust at the present moment. Item from the Positive and Negative Affect Scale. Measured on 5-point Likert scale with 1 indicating "not at all" and 5 indicating "extremely" their feeling disgust at the present moment.
Positive and Negative Affect Scale (Pity)
时间窗: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Rating of feeling pity at the present moment. Item from the Positive and Negative Affect Scale. Measured on 5-point Likert scale with 1 indicating "not at all" and 5 indicating "extremely" their feeling pity at the present moment.
Social Distance Scale (Family)
时间窗: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Rating of willingness to have person with substance use disorder marry into their family. Item from the Social Distance Scale that measures one element of stigma (desire for social distance). Measured on 5-point Likert scale with 1 indicating greater willingness and 5 indicating greater unwillingness to have a person with a substance use disorder marry into the family.
Social Distance Scale (Neighbor)
时间窗: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Rating of willingness to have person with substance use disorder as a neighbor. Item from the Social Distance Scale that measures one element of stigma (desire for social distance). Measured on 5-point Likert scale with 1 indicating greater willingness and 5 indicating greater unwillingness to have a person with a substance use disorder as a neighbor.
Social Distance Scale (Work Closely)
时间窗: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Rating of willingness to have person with substance use disorder work closely with them. Item from the Social Distance Scale that measures one element of stigma (desire for social distance). Measured on 5-point Likert scale with 1 indicating greater willingness and 5 indicating greater unwillingness to have a person with a substance use disorder work closely with them.
Social Distance Scale (close friend)
时间窗: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Rating of willingness to have person with substance use disorder as a close personal friend. Item from the Social Distance Scale that measures one element of stigma (desire for social distance). Measured on 5-point Likert scale with 1 indicating greater willingness and 5 indicating greater unwillingness to have a person with a substance use disorder as a close personal friend.
Feeling-Thermometer measure of warmth towards people with substance use disorders
时间窗: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Rating of warmth felt toward people with substance use disorder with 0 indicating extremely cold and 100 indicating extremely warm.
Rating of agreement that recovery is possible
时间窗: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Rating of agreement with statement "Recovery from a drug addiction is possible" on a 5-point Likert scale with 1 indicating strongly agree and 5 indicating strongly disagree.
Rating of willingness to have a drug treatment program in their neighborhood
时间窗: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Rating of willingness to have a drug treatment program in their neighborhood with 1 indicating greater willingness and 5 indicating greater unwillingness. Measured via survey questionnaire.
Rating of willingness to have a syringe exchange program in their neighborhood
时间窗: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Rating of willingness to have a syringe exchange program in their neighborhood with 1 indicating greater willingness and 5 indicating greater unwillingness.
Rating of willingness to have a safe consumption site in their neighborhood
时间窗: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Participant's rating of willingness to have a safe consumption site in their neighborhood with 1 indicating greater willingness and 5 indicating greater unwillingness.
Number of participants having a family member with a substance use disorder
时间窗: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Personal experience of having a family member with a substance use disorder. Three close-ended response options (Yes, No, Don't know) when asked if the participant has ever had a family member with a substance use disorder.
Number of participants having a close friend with a substance use disorder
时间窗: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Personal experience of having a close friend with a substance use disorder. Three close-ended response options (Yes, No, Don't know) when asked if the participant has ever had a close friend with a substance use disorder.
Number of participants having substance use disorder
时间窗: Immediately post-exposure to photo intervention
Personal experience of having a substance use disorder. Three close-ended response options (Yes; No; Don't Know) when asked if the participant has ever had a substance use disorder. Measured via survey questionnaire.
次要结局
未报告次要终点