The Effects of Open Versus Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises on Ankle Joint Function in Athletes With Chronic Ankle Instability

Numeric pain rating scale

时间窗: 4 weeks

The Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) is commonly used to assess pain. Change in the NPRS across time can be interpreted with responsiveness indices.

Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CHRONIC ANKLE INSTABILITYT) and Ankle Instability Instrument (AII)

时间窗: 4 weeks

The Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CHRONIC ANKLE INSTABILITYT) is a PROM that can detect functional ankle instability and provide a measure of the severity of the instability . It does so through nine questions evaluating ankle pain, subjective instability during activities such as running or hopping and the ability of the ankle to cope with episodes of giving way . The answers for the nine questions are added up to a total score, which goes from 0 (indicating an extreme functional instability of the ankle) to 30 points (indicating a stable ankle)

Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM)-Sport Subscale

时间窗: 4 weeks

The Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) is a patient-reported questionnaire for patients with muscu loskeletal foot and ankle disorders consisting of two sub scales, ADL and Sports, with a total of 32 questions. The FAAM is an evaluative self-reported instrument to comprehensively assess physical function of individu als with musculoskeletal disorders of the foot and ankle. It consists of an ADL (FAAM-ADL) and Sports (FAAM-Sport) subscale, containing 21 and 9 items, respectively. Standardized answer options are given in five-point Likert boxes, ranging from 0 (no difficulty at all) to 4 (unable to do). The sixth option is 'not applicable, which will not be taken into account when counting the percentage scores. According to Martin et al. we only calculated a total subscale if ≤2 items were missing (or inapplicable) in the FAAM-ADL and if ≤1 item was missing (or inapplicable) in the FAAM-Sport domain. A higher score represents a higher level of function in each subscale

Star excursion balance test.

时间窗: 4 weeks

The SEBTs are functional tests that incorporate a single-leg stance on one leg with maximum reach of the opposite leg. The SEBTs are performed with the subject standing at the center of a grid placed on the floor, with 8 lines extending at 45° increments from the center of the grid. The 8 lines positioned on the grid are labeled according to the direction of excursion relative to the stance leg: anterolateral (AL), anterior (A), anteromedial (AM), medial (M), posteromedial (PM), posterior (P), posterolateral (PL), and lateral (L). The grid was constructed in an athletic training facility using a protractor and 3-in (7.62-cm)-wide adhesive tape and was enclosed in a 182.9-cm by 182.9-cm square on the hard tile floor.

Reach distance. (functional reach test)

时间窗: 4 weeks

Functional Reach (standing instructions): The patient is instructed to next to, but not touching, a wall and position the arm that is closer to the wall at 90 degrees of shoulder flexion with a closed fist. The assessor records the starting position at the 3rd metacarpal head on the yardstick. Instruct the patient to "Reach as far as you can forward without taking a step." The location of the 3rd metacarpal is recorded. Scores are determined by assessing the difference between the start and end position is the reach distance, usually measured in inches. Three trials are done and the average of the last two is noted.