Feasibility, User Experiences, and Preliminary Effectiveness of Conversation Cards for Adolescents, a Patient-centered Communication and Behavior Change Tool: a Pragmatic, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Background & Rationale. The high prevalence and adverse health risks of adolescent obesity are well-documented. Most adolescents with and without obesity do not meet minimum lifestyle recommendations for nutrition, physical and sedentary activities, and sleep, and care providers have identified a lack of tools and resources to help them better support families in lifestyle change and weight management. Best practices encourage the use of appropriate tools to augment discussions, in addition to the inclusion and engagement of all relevant stakeholders. Our team conducted a multi-phase project that included adolescents, care providers, and researchers to develop Conversation Cards for Adolescents (CCAs), an adolescent-tailored educational tool aimed at facilitating lifestyle behavior change in adolescents via collaborative goal-setting. This tool comprises a deck of 45 cards. Each card contains an individual statement pertaining to a barrier, enabler, or potential enabler that adolescents encounter in making and maintaining healthy lifestyle changes. These cards are organized across seven categorical suits: nutrition, physical activity, sedentary activity, sleep, mental health, relationships, and clinic factors. This deck is intended to be used by adolescents and providers and may be complementary to an already existing deck of cards (Conversation Cards©) created for parents and providers by our research team in 2012.

Objectives. To (i) assess the feasibility of the study design and procedures in a real-world practice setting, (ii) investigate future trial procedures, (iii) assess user experiences of CCAs, and (iv) determine the preliminary effectiveness of CCAs on changing behavioral and affective-cognitive outcomes for adolescents with obesity.

Method & Methodology. This is a pragmatic, pilot randomized controlled trial. Adolescents will be randomly allocated to one of two groups (CCAs or control) with a 1:1 allocation ratio and using permuted blocks of randomly varied sizes 2 and 4. Participant randomization will be performed in REDCap, based on allocation tables that have been generated and uploaded by the Data Coordinating Centre statistician. REDCap maintains an automated audit trail which includes the assigned study identification number, treatment allocation, and date and time of the transaction. The study coordinator will have access to REDcap onsite to randomize adolescents and will provide corresponding allocations to adolescents. The investigators will follow recommended sample sizes for pilot trials; that is, 25 individuals per trial arm for a total of 50, which gives the main trial a 90% power, 0.2 effect size, and two-sided 5% significance. Assuming a recruitment rate of ~85%, a margin of error for the confidence interval of around 10% was estimated; this recruitment rate is derived from similar randomized controlled trials conducted in a primary care setting surrounding obesity and lifestyle in children and youth. The investigators will adhere to the CONSORT statement for planning, conducting, and reporting pragmatic trials.

Recruitment.

Adolescents - Administrative and clinical (nurse) team members will approach families to gauge interest and obtain verbal consent. If given, the study coordinator on-site (MK) will approach families for more information (e.g., study description, developmental and language eligibility screening) and full consent/assent procedures. On the day of their medical appointment, clinic staff will measure adolescents' height and weight before they see their provider. Providers will be recruited by email or verbal invitation through existing relationships with research team members.