The Longitudinal Evaluation of Norms and Networks Study: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial to Promote Exclusive Toilet Use in Tamil Nadu, India
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 22,700
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Change in exclusive toilet usage rate
研究概览
简要总结
The objective of this research is to evaluate the impact of a multi-level behavior change intervention designed to promote toilet construction, exclusive toilet use and maintenance in peri-urban communities of Tamil Nadu. The intervention leverages two years of formative research and reflects a norms and network-centric approach that will employ dynamic information dissemination to signal others' sanitation practices while also addressing other barriers to the adoption of improved sanitation practices. The study will determine whether those who received the interventions had significant improvements in toilet usage compared to those who did not. Qualitative research will help assess exposure and reactions to the intervention in these communities.
详细描述
The objective of this research is to evaluate the impact of a multi-level behavior change intervention designed to promote toilet construction, exclusive toilet use and maintenance in peri-urban communities of Tamil Nadu. The intervention leverages two years of formative research and reflects a norms and network-centric approach that will employ dynamic information dissemination to signal others' sanitation practices while also addressing other barriers to the adoption of improved sanitation practices. The study will determine whether those who received the interventions had significant improvements in toilet usage compared to those who did not.
For this cluster-randomized trial, communities will be engaged in two rounds of surveys to assess toilet ownership, toilet usage practices of their family members and include additional questions about beliefs, norms and other factors influencing toilet use. Investigators will also conduct a process evaluation to monitor change from baseline to endline and identify successful pathways of or bottle-necks to the adoption of improved sanitation behaviors. These indicators will include fidelity indicators to assess the quality of intervention delivery, level of community participation, behavioral antecedents, contextual changes in community and household conditions that may facilitate improved behavioral adoption and/or outcomes (e.g., exclusive toilet use). They will also conduct qualitative research using observations and semi-structured interviews with respondents and stakeholders to assess exposure and reactions to the intervention. They will also assess spillover in the control wards using mixed-method assessment tools.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- Single (Outcomes Assessor)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Site: Peri-urban wards with 60% or less toilet coverage from selected town panchayats in Tamil Nadu.
- •Participants
- •Randomly selected residents of eligible wards above 18 years of age.
- •All households in the intervention wards will receive the LENNS intervention.
排除标准
- •Site: Slum wards as they will not be representative of our population of interest.
- •Wards that were included in the piloting of the intervention package.
- •Wards enrolled in any water, sanitation or hygiene intervention other than the national program, Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM)
- •Participants:
- •Persons who were reported or deemed cognitively unable to participate in the study and respond to the surveys will be excluded
- •Household members who confirm that they will not reside continuously at that address in the upcoming year
- •Specific household members who do not reside at that residency continuously.
结局指标
主要结局
Change in exclusive toilet usage rate
时间窗: Measured 12 months after intervention
Exclusive toilet use is measured using self reported use of toilet every time for defecation in the past 2 days. It will be assessed via household survey conducted by trained enumerators and respondents.
次要结局
- Change in Empirical expectations (beliefs of what other's do) regarding toilet ownership, use and maintenance(Measured 12 months after intervention)
- Change in the usable toilet facilities rates(Measured 12 months after intervention)
- Change in the proportion of households with improved sanitation facilities(Measured 12 months after intervention)
- Change in normative expectations (beliefs of what other think you should do) regarding toilet ownership, use and maintenance(Measured 12 months after intervention)