Effects of Heavy-load Resistance Training With and Without Blood Flow Restriction Therapy on Quadriceps Muscle Strength and Endurance in Athletes
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 招募中
- 入组人数
- 44
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- 1RM strength
研究概览
简要总结
A 8 weeks, single-blinded randomized controlled trial will be conducted at Pakistan Sports Board (PSB). Forty-four athletes (18-35 years) will be randomized into Group A (HL-RT + BFR, n = 22) and Group B (HL-RT only, n = 22). BFR will be applied at 50% limb occlusion pressure during lower-body exercises (squats, leg press). Both groups trained 3x/week for 4 weeks at 70-80% 1RM. Outcomes included 1RM strength, squat endurance, push-up performance, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) scores.
详细描述
This study is a single-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing heavy-load resistance training (HLRT) with blood flow restriction (BFR) versus HLRT alone. Participants will be blinded to group allocation, but outcome assessors will not remain blinded throughout the study.
Group A participants will perform three important exercises namely back squats, leg press, and bench press. Those exercises were performed at a training intensity ranging from 70-80% of each person's 1-repetition maximum (1RM). 12 cm pneumatic cuffs was placed proximally on the thigh (for exercise of lower body) and arm (for exercise of upper body), and blood flow restriction was applied through them. Doppler ultrasound was used weekly to measure limb occlusion pressure (LOP) to then set the cuff pressure at 50% of each participant's predetermined LOP. During working sets it was made the cuffs inflated but during rest periods they were deflated. The exercise protocol consists of:
- Back squats: 4 sets of 6 repetitions
- Leg press: 3 sets of 8 repetitions
- Bench press: 3 sets of 10 repetitions All sets will be followed by a standardized 2-minute rest period. Training load will progressively increased by 2.5-5% when participants can complete all prescribed repetitions with proper form for two consecutive sessions.
Group B: Heavy-Load Resistance Training Only (HLRT) This control group will perform the identical exercise protocol (same exercises, intensities, volumes, and rest periods) as the BFR group, but without any blood flow restriction application. The same progression criteria will be used for both groups to ensure comparable training stimulus.
Post-Intervention Data Collection (Week 4)
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- Single (Outcomes Assessor)
盲法说明
Assesor Blinded
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 35 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Participants with age between 18 and 35 years.
- •Active individual participating in sport activities at least 3 times a week for the past 6 months.
- •Participants with any non-heart conditions.
- •Individuals voluntarily participating and providing informed consent.
- •Sprinters, Footballer
排除标准
- •Individuals with DVT or other pulmonary artery disease.
- •Pregnant women or those planning to become pregnant.
- •Participants with recent musculoskeletal injuries (within the 6 months).
- •Individuals currently involved in another study.
- •Participants allergic to or sensitive to the materials used in the BFR bands.
- •Individuals who anticipate being unable to attend all training sessions.
研究组 & 干预措施
Heavy-Load Resistance Training with Blood Flow Restriction
In this group, the participants will perform three important exercises namely back squats, leg press, and bench press. Those exercises were performed at a training intensity ranging from 70-80% of each person's 1-repetition maximum (1RM). 12 cm pneumatic cuffs was placed proximally on the thigh (for exercise of lower body) and arm (for exercise of upper body), and blood flow restriction was applied through them. Doppler ultrasound was used weekly to measure limb occlusion pressure (LOP) to then set the cuff pressure at 50% of each participant's predetermined LOP. During working sets it was made the cuffs inflated but during rest periods they were deflated. The exercise protocol consists of:
干预措施: Heavy-Load Resistance Training with Blood Flow Restriction (Other)
Heavy-Load Resistance Training Only (HLRT)
This control group will perform the identical exercise protocol (same exercises, intensities, volumes, and rest periods) as the BFR group, but without any blood flow restriction application. The same progression criteria will be used for both groups to ensure comparable training stimulus.
干预措施: Heavy-Load Resistance Training Only (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
1RM strength
时间窗: 6 weeks
The 1 Repetition Maximum (1 RM) Testing protocol determines quadriceps maximal strength through identifying the maximum weight an individual can lift in a single attempt with exercises that include the leg press or squat and leg extension movements.
Squat Endurance
时间窗: 6 weeks
Experts have established the validity of 3-5 RM squats as a strength test because they correlate strongly with quadriceps force output and exhibit excellent reliability (ICC \> 0.90) through standardization of stance and depth and rest periods. Maximal bodyweight squats at 60-70% 1 RM or to complete failure serve as reliable (ICC \~0.70-0.85) and moderate tests of endurance even though hip and core involvement affects validity.
Push Up Performance
时间窗: 6 weeks
The push-up test is largely used to evaluate upper body endurance and strength (chest, shoulders, triceps) without much activation of the quadriceps and should not be considered as an indicator of quad endurance or strength. On standard push ups though, quads serve only as stabilizers which means it does not provide much of contribution than exercise such as squatting or doing leg extensions. Push-ups can still be considered a reliable test (ICC \~0.80-0.90) for upper body muscular endurance but cannot be used to assess quadriceps function
International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) scores
时间窗: 6 weeks
International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Interpretation: Higher score indicates increased physical activity in athletes. Effect of interpretation: BFR with heavy load training significantly increases physical activity levels as compared to control. Description: The International Physical Activity Questionnaire - short form (IPAQ-SF) will be used to assess a participant's total physical activity levels. This self-report tool estimates MET-minutes per week across various domains. The score ranges from 0 to an upper limit, with higher scores indicating greater levels of physical activity.
次要结局
未报告次要终点