Supercapsular Percutaneously Assisted Total Hip Approach for the Elderly With Femoral Neck Fractures: a Prospective, Open-label, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial

Femoral neck fracture is one of the most common diseases in the elderly. Artificial hip replacement is currently the preferred treatment for femoral neck fractures, and characterized by no presence of postoperative bone nonunion, femoral head necrosis and other complications, though longer operative time and larger surgical incision are unavoidable. Patients undergoing artificial hip replacement can recover weight-bearing walk early after surgery, making rehabilitation rapid, to avoid a variety of complications, such as bed rests. Hip replacement via posterolateral approach is generally used, but limited by large incision, cutting off the extortor, and postoperative hip dislocation.

The minimally invasive approach for hip replacement has the advantages of less blood loss and less trauma compared with conventional approaches. The supercapsular percutaneously-assisted total hip (SuperPATH) approach (Appendix 1) is consistent with the posterolateral approach in the anatomical landmark, preserving all the advantages of the posterior approach. Compared with the conventional approaches, the SuperPATH approach has no neurovascular interface that is uneasy to damage blood vessels and nerves during operation, reducing intraoperative blood loss, and retains all of the joint capsules and supinator muscles, significantly reducing the probability of postoperative dislocation of the hip. Osteotomy via this approach can be completed without hip dislocation, thus reducing incidence of vascular distortion and postoperative deep vein thrombosis. Hip replacement via the SuperPATH approach can be completed under direct vision rather than perspective inspection, and the surgical incision on the femur is made according to the femoral anteversion angle. In addition, this approach is also used for femoral intramedullary nail implantation. These surgical procedures are more likely to be grasped by clinicians. Preservation of the joint capsule and supinator muscles makes physical activities unrestricted and speeds up rehabilitation. Moreover, there is a corresponding reduction in the hospital stay and costs. However, SuperPATH technology is rarely reported in China as it has been introduced for a short time and in few hospitals.

Previous studies have reported that SuperPATH approach for artificial hip replacement exhibits better short-term effect on elderly femoral neck fractures. In this trial, the follow-up period will be prolonged to 6 months in order to observe the short-to-mid term effect in the elderly with femoral neck fractures.

Adverse events Postoperative adverse events including incision pain and infection, back muscle pain, spinal cord/nerve injury, length inequality of the lower limbs, prosthesis falling-off and prosthetic loosening will be recorded during the follow-up period. If severe adverse events occur, details including the data of occurrence, type of adverse events and therapeutic measures will be reported to the project manager and the institutional review board within 24 hours.

Data collection, management, analysis, and open access Data collection Clinical data, including demographic data, disease diagnosis, accompanying diseases, and allergic history (drug allergy), will be collected and summarized using standardized case report forms. These data will be processed and recorded electronically.