Association of single and dual task balance performance on physical fitness and glycemic control levels among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Summary: This observational study investigates the association between balance performance under single and dual-task conditions, physical fitness, and glycemic control that is HbA1c levels in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. A total of 240 participants aged 30 to 60 will be grouped based on HbA1c levels into controlled, poorly controlled, and uncontrolled categories. Balance will be assessed using plantar pressure equipment, and physical fitness will be measured via hand grip strength. Cognitive function will be screened using the Addenbrookes Cognitive Examination, and neuropathy will be ruled out using a biothesiometer. Dual-task balance tests will include both basic and complex cognitive tasks. The study aims to identify how glycemic control and physical fitness influence balance performance, which can help predict fall risk and guide tailored interventions. Data analysis will involve ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests and correlation analyses.