Evaluation of the Effects of Acute Beetroot Juice and Caffeinated Coffee Intake on Aerobic and Anaerobic Performance in Recreational Athletes
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 16
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Estimated Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO₂max)
研究概览
简要总结
The goal of this clinical trial was to evaluate how acute intake of beetroot juice, caffeinated coffee, and their combination affected aerobic and anaerobic exercise performance in healthy recreationally active men. The main questions were:
Did beetroot juice, caffeinated coffee, or their combination improve aerobic exercise performance? Did beetroot juice, caffeinated coffee, or their combination improve countermovement jump performance?
Researchers compared four conditions: control, caffeinated coffee, beetroot juice, and beetroot juice combined with caffeinated coffee. Each participant completed all four conditions in a randomized crossover design, with a 1-week washout period between sessions.
Participants:
Completed a familiarization session before the experimental sessions Consumed water only, caffeinated Turkish coffee, beetroot juice, or both beetroot juice and caffeinated coffee depending on the assigned condition Performed a countermovement jump test Performed a 20-m multistage shuttle run test Had heart rate and rating of perceived exertion assessed during exercise testing
详细描述
Before each experimental session, participants were instructed to maintain their habitual diet and training routine and to avoid strenuous exercise, alcohol, caffeine-containing foods and beverages, and ergogenic aids during the preceding 24 hours. Compliance with these instructions was confirmed before testing.
Participants completed a familiarization session 2 days before the first experimental session. All exercise assessments were conducted in the morning using the same standardized warm-up and test order. Countermovement jump testing was performed before the 20-m multistage shuttle run test.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Crossover
- 主要目的
- Other
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 45 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- Male
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Male recreational athletes aged 18 to 45 years
- •Healthy volunteers who regularly trained 4 to 5 days per week
- •At least 5 years of participation in sports involving high-intensity sprint-type activities
- •No disease or injury that prevented participation in exercise
- •Not following a specific diet program
- •No known sensitivity to caffeine or nitrate intake
- •Non-smoker
- •No use of nutritional supplements or ergogenic aids that could affect physical or cognitive performance during the previous 2 months
排除标准
- •Use of performance-related nutritional supplements during the previous 2 months
- •Vegetarian or vegan dietary pattern
- •Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, diuretics, or laxatives
- •Any known food allergy or intolerance
研究组 & 干预措施
Sequence 3
Participants received the interventions in the following order: control, caffeinated coffee, combined beetroot juice plus caffeinated coffee, and beetroot juice. Experimental periods were separated by a 1-week washout interval.
干预措施: Water (Other)
Sequence 1
Participants received the interventions in the following order: control, caffeinated coffee, combined beetroot juice plus caffeinated coffee, and beetroot juice. Experimental periods were separated by a 1-week washout interval.
干预措施: Beetroot juice (Dietary Supplement)
Sequence 1
Participants received the interventions in the following order: control, caffeinated coffee, combined beetroot juice plus caffeinated coffee, and beetroot juice. Experimental periods were separated by a 1-week washout interval.
干预措施: Caffeinated Turkish Coffee (Other)
Sequence 2
Participants received the interventions in the following order: control, caffeinated coffee, combined beetroot juice plus caffeinated coffee, and beetroot juice. Experimental periods were separated by a 1-week washout interval.
干预措施: Beetroot juice (Dietary Supplement)
Sequence 2
Participants received the interventions in the following order: control, caffeinated coffee, combined beetroot juice plus caffeinated coffee, and beetroot juice. Experimental periods were separated by a 1-week washout interval.
干预措施: Caffeinated Turkish Coffee (Other)
Sequence 3
Participants received the interventions in the following order: control, caffeinated coffee, combined beetroot juice plus caffeinated coffee, and beetroot juice. Experimental periods were separated by a 1-week washout interval.
干预措施: Beetroot juice (Dietary Supplement)
Sequence 3
Participants received the interventions in the following order: control, caffeinated coffee, combined beetroot juice plus caffeinated coffee, and beetroot juice. Experimental periods were separated by a 1-week washout interval.
干预措施: Caffeinated Turkish Coffee (Other)
Sequence 4
Participants received the interventions in the following order: control, caffeinated coffee, combined beetroot juice plus caffeinated coffee, and beetroot juice. Experimental periods were separated by a 1-week washout interval.
干预措施: Beetroot juice (Dietary Supplement)
Sequence 4
Participants received the interventions in the following order: control, caffeinated coffee, combined beetroot juice plus caffeinated coffee, and beetroot juice. Experimental periods were separated by a 1-week washout interval.
干预措施: Caffeinated Turkish Coffee (Other)
Sequence 4
Participants received the interventions in the following order: control, caffeinated coffee, combined beetroot juice plus caffeinated coffee, and beetroot juice. Experimental periods were separated by a 1-week washout interval.
干预措施: Water (Other)
Sequence 1
Participants received the interventions in the following order: control, caffeinated coffee, combined beetroot juice plus caffeinated coffee, and beetroot juice. Experimental periods were separated by a 1-week washout interval.
干预措施: Water (Other)
Sequence 2
Participants received the interventions in the following order: control, caffeinated coffee, combined beetroot juice plus caffeinated coffee, and beetroot juice. Experimental periods were separated by a 1-week washout interval.
干预措施: Water (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
Estimated Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO₂max)
时间窗: At each of the four experimental sessions; sessions were separated by a 1-week washout period.
Estimated VO2max (mL/kg/min) was calculated from the maximal running speed achieved during the 20-m multistage shuttle run test using the predefined equation.
Maximal Running Speed
时间窗: At each of the four experimental sessions; sessions were separated by a 1-week washout period.
Highest running speed (km/h) achieved during the 20-m multistage shuttle run test.
Number of Completed Shuttles
时间窗: At each of the four experimental sessions; sessions were separated by a 1-week washout period.
Total number of successfully completed 20-m shuttles during the multistage shuttle run test.
Total Distance Covered
时间窗: At each of the four experimental sessions; sessions were separated by a 1-week washout period.
Total distance (m) completed during the 20-m multistage shuttle run test.
Countermovement Jump Height
时间窗: At each of the four experimental sessions; sessions were separated by a 1-week washout period.
Maximum countermovement jump height (cm) obtained from three trials using a dual force-platform system. The highest value was used.
Countermovement Jump Peak Power
时间窗: At each of the four experimental sessions; sessions were separated by a 1-week washout period.
Peak power (W) recorded during the countermovement jump assessment.
次要结局
- Mean Heart Rate(During exercise testing at each of the four experimental sessions.)
- Maximum Heart Rate(During exercise testing at each of the four experimental sessions.)
- Rating of Perceived Exertion(Immediately after exercise testing at each of the four experimental sessions.)