Effects of Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises on Balance and Gait in People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 24
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- 6-minute walk test (6-MWT)
研究概览
简要总结
In total, 27 patients with MS (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score equal to or less than 5.5) were randomly assigned to either Telko plus conventional physical therapy (CPT) experimental group (n=14) or the CPT control group (n=13). All patients received 15-minute CPT, three times a week, for four weeks. The patients in the experimental group received 15-minute Telko at the end of each CPT session. The outcome measures used were the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), and Timed Up and Go (TUG) assessment.
详细描述
Participants were included in the present study with a confirmed diagnosis of MS, adults over 20 years of age, and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score equal to or less than 5.5. Exclusion criteria were having any neurologic or orthopaedic disorders that influenced the patients' motor function (e.g., stroke, fractures), severe cognitive impairments, and spasticity more than 4 based on MAS.
The patients were randomly allocated to either the lower extremities closed kinetic chain training (Telko) and conventional physiotherapy (CPT) experimental group or the CPT alone control group. Permuted block randomisation was used with a block size of 4, and treatment assignment was concealed using sealed envelopes. The randomisation sequence was generated using the statistical analysis software, MedCalc version.
Conventional physiotherapy (CPT) All patients underwent about 15-minute CPT sessions 3 days a week for 4 weeks. The CPT intervention program consisted of closed kinetic chain exercises (squatting, hip bridge, lunge, and toe standing), 3 sets, 10 repetitions each and gait training (walking forward, backward, sidewalk, and between obstacles). Short breaks (1-5 minutes) were provided, depending on the patient tolerance. Before treatment, the skilled physical therapist was instructed about the duration, frequency, and content of therapy.
Lower extremities closed kinetic chain training The patients in the experimental group received additional lower extremities closed kinetic chain training using the Telko device. The participants train on Telko for 15 minutes using moderate resistance, 3 days a week for 4 weeks.
Outcome measures The participants in both groups were clinically assessed at the baseline, the end of week 4 of treatment, and the 4-week follow-up by one assessor blinded to the intervention. Demographic information from each participant, including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), family history of MS, and the EDSS scores, was collected. The participants were assessed using the 6-minute walk test (6-MWT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Timed-Up and Go (TUG).
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- Single (Outcomes Assessor)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 20 Years 至 80 Years（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Multiple Sclerosis
- •Over 20 years of age
- •Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score equal to or less than 5.5.
排除标准
- •Neurologic or orthopaedic disorders (e.g., stroke, fractures)
- •Severe cognitive impairments
- •Spasticity more than 4 based on MAS.
研究组 & 干预措施
Telko plus conventional physical therapy (CPT)
All patients received 15-minute CPT, three times a week, for four weeks. The patients in the experimental group received 15-minute Telko at the end of each CPT session.
干预措施: Telko plus conventional physical therapy (CPT) (Combination Product)
Conventional physiotherapy
All patients received 15-minute CPT, three times a week, for four weeks.
干预措施: Telko plus conventional physical therapy (CPT) (Combination Product)
结局指标
主要结局
6-minute walk test (6-MWT)
时间窗: Change from baseline 6-minute walk test at 4-week
The 6-MWT was used to assess functional capacity in people with MS (Goldman et al., 2008). It measures the distance covered by the patient in 6 minutes (Goldman et al., 2008). It is a good predictor of cardiorespiratory endurance in patients with MS (Goldman et al., 2008). The 6-MWT for people with MS has shown good reliability (ICC = 0.96-0.98) and good discriminant validity (Bartels et al., 2012; De Groot \& Takken, 2011). The 6-MWT for people with MS has revealed good reliability (ICC = 0.96-0.98) and good validity (Bartels et al., 2012; De Groot \& Takken, 2011). The test was administrated according to the guidelines provided by of American Thoracic Society (ATS) (ATS Statement, 2002). Two canes were placed 30 meters from each other. Before and immediately after the test, heart rate and oxygen saturation were documented using a pulse oximeter. The participant was able to complete the 6-MWT without taking a rest break.
Berg Balance Scale (BBS)
时间窗: Change from baseline BBS at 4-week
Balance was evaluated using the BBS. It has excellent reliability (ICC = 0.986) in people with MS (Cattaneo et al., 2007). This scale contains 14 items instructing patients to complete tasks related to everyday life of varying difficulty levels. A score of zero represents an inability to complete the task, and a score of 4 expresses the ability to complete the task independently. The total final scores range from 0 to 56. A total score of less than 45 implies balance impairment (Berg, 1989; Zwick et al., 2000).
次要结局
- Timed-Up and Go (TUG)(Change from baseline TUG at 4-week)
研究者
Anas Radi Hassan Alashram
Associate Professor
Middle East University