Predictors of Periodontal Outcomes in Patients 5 to 10 Years Post-sanative Therapy

Periodontal disease is a main cause of tooth loss. Patients with periodontal disease may receive sanative therapy (ST), a deep cleaning of the teeth that helps prevent the progression of periodontal disease. Post-ST, maintenance appointments are an important part of the strategy used to help these patients prevent the progression of periodontal disease and maintain their periodontal health. Given that numerous chronic diseases, obesity, low levels of physical activity, being a smoker, poor diet, and older age are all risk factors for periodontal disease, these factors may also be predictive of worse periodontal health 5 to 10 years post-ST. Many modifiable periodontal risk factors such a physical activity, exercise, and obesity have not been studied in relation to periodontal outcomes post-ST, and other factors such as diet, sex and age have not been comprehensively studied. The primary objective of this study is to determine, at 5 to 10 years post-ST, if physical activity, exercise, sedentary time, flavonoid intake, protein intake, BMI, sex, age, smoking status, and number of sites with periodontal probing depth (PPD) ≥ 4 mm at baseline are significant predictors of periodontal health. A secondary objective is to determine if lifetime estrogen exposure impacts periodontal health in women. Periodontal health will be measured using probing depth, tooth loss, bleeding on probing and plaque index. Established questionnaires will be used to assess dietary intake, physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Within the study the investigators will also assess if and how a patient's periodontal health has been impacted by clinic closures and rescheduling of maintenance appointments that were mandated by regulatory organizations as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The investigators will also ask questions about changes in diet, physical activity and oral hygiene during COVID-19.