Psychotherapeutic Treatment of Chronic Nightmares: Differential Efficacy of Imagery Rehearsal Therapy Compared to Confrontation and Psychotherapeutic Placebo
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 122
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- frequency of nightmares
研究概览
简要总结
The purpose of this study is to determine whether a change in the content of nightmares is necessary at all in the treatment of chronic nightmares or if a single confrontation with their content is sufficient to reduce nightmare frequency significantly.
详细描述
The inclusion and exclusion criteria are assessed during a telephone interview. If the participants meet the criteria, they are randomly assigned to two intervention groups or an active control group. In the first session the participants who suffer from chronic nightmares are interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I and -II) to determine the clinical diagnosis; in addition, they are given questionnaires and record sheets to obtain baseline data. They are asked to record their nightmares in a "dream diary" up until the next session four weeks later. At that session they learn one of three interventions to reduce nightmares. The first group receives imagery rehearsal treatment in which participants learn to consciously alter the contents of their nightmares and then to visualize the new set of images. The second group is subjected to confrontation treatment in which they are instructed to confront their nightmares until habituation. The third group, the psychotherapeutic placebo group, just learn an imagination technique, without reference to their nightmares. At the end of the intervention session all participants receive written instructions on how to perform the learned method at home. They must also record their dreams up until the next session. That session and the last one are used for data acquisition. At these sessions, the participants are asked to fill in the questionnaires given to them at the beginning of the treatment.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- Single (Participant)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 65 Years（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •nightmare frequency of at least one night per week for six month duration
- •stable medication
- •if currently in psychotherapy: no treatment of nightmares
- •Informed consent
排除标准
- •Life time clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or bipolar disorder according to DSM-IV
- •Body mass index < 17
- •Initiation of nightmares after taking pharmaceuticals
- •Clinical diagnosis of alcohol or drug addiction according to DSM-IV
- •Mental retardation
结局指标
主要结局
frequency of nightmares
时间窗: in the first diagnostical session, four weeks after interventional session in addition to follow-up-measurement
Nightmare Frequency Questionnaire (NFQ, Krakow et al., 2000) number of nightmares per week. The participant is asked to state the number of nightmares in the last three months, the response is to be given as an absolute frequency per year, month, or week, whichever is applicable. The range is zero to any number the participant states, the maximum number reported was 20.
nightmare effects
时间窗: in the first diagnostical session, four weeks after interventional session in addition to follow-up-measurement
Nightmare Effects Survey (NES, Krakow et al., 2000) The first item asks whether the person's life is generally affected by nightmares. The remaining eleven items list areas in daily life (sleep, work, relationships, daytime energy, school, mood, sex life, diet, mental health, physical health, and leisure activities) rated on 5-point Likert scales regarding how much they are "adversely or negatively affected by nightmares". The range is 0 to 44, and higher values indicate more effects.
nightmare distress
时间窗: in the first diagnostical session, four weeks after interventional session in addition to follow-up-measurement
Nightmare Distress Questionnaire (NDQ, Belicki, 1992) The NDQ consists of 13 items rated on 5-point Likert scales. Eleven items pertain to daytime consequences of nightmares (e.g., disliking someone because they were in a nightmare; being afraid to fall asleep for fear of having a nightmare); two items explore interest in professional help and treatment. The range is 13 to 65, and higher values indicate more distress.
次要结局
- Depression(in the first diagnostical session, four weeks after interventional session in addition to follow-up-measurement)
- sleep quality(in the first diagnostical session, four weeks after interventional session in addition to follow-up-measurement)
- General psychopathology(in the first diagnostical session, four weeks after interventional session in addition to follow-up-measurement)
- self efficacy(in the first diagnostical session, four weeks after interventional session in addition to follow-up-measurement)
- Anxiety(in the first diagnostical session, four weeks after interventional session in addition to follow-up-measurement)
研究者
Regina Steil
Scientific director behavior therapy outpatient center
Goethe University