Effectiveness of Liuzijue and Box Breathing Techniques on Inspiratory Capacity and Blood Pressure Following Femoral Neck Fracture Immobilization: A Retrospective Comparative Study
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 40
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Change in Inspiratory Capacity (mL) measured using Volume-Oriented Incentive Spirometer
研究概览
简要总结
The purpose of this study is to understand how two simple breathing exercise techniques (Liuzijue and box breathing) affect inspiratory capacity and blood pressure in people who were immobilized after a femoral neck fracture.
Older adults who sustain a femoral neck fracture are often required to remain immobile for several weeks. Prolonged immobilization can reduce lung capacity and may negatively affect blood pressure control, increasing the risk of breathing difficulties and other health problems. Breathing-based exercise techniques may help improve respiratory function and cardiovascular stability during recovery.
This study retrospectively analyzed data from patients who had previously received either Liuzijue exercises or box breathing techniques as part of their rehabilitation program. The main questions this study aimed to answer were:
Do Liuzijue and box breathing techniques improve inspiratory capacity after a period of immobilization? Do these techniques help in controlling systolic and diastolic blood pressure? Is one technique more effective than the other over a 4-week intervention period?
Data were collected at three time points: before the intervention (baseline), at the second week, and at the end of the fourth week. The findings of this study may help healthcare professionals choose simple, safe, and cost-effective breathing interventions for patients recovering from femoral neck fractures.
详细描述
Femoral neck fractures are common in the elderly population and are frequently associated with prolonged periods of immobilization. Extended immobilization can lead to reduced lung volumes, impaired inspiratory capacity and alterations in blood pressure regulation due to decreased physical activity and respiratory muscle disuse. These changes increase the risk of respiratory complications and cardiovascular instability during recovery.
Liuzijue is a traditional breathing-based exercise that combines slow, controlled breathing with specific vocalized exhalation patterns. It has been shown to improve respiratory muscle function, lung volumes and autonomic regulation. Box Breathing is a simple, structured breathing technique involving equal phases of inhalation, breath-holding, exhalation, and breath-holding and is known to promote relaxation and cardiovascular stability through autonomic nervous system modulation.
This retrospective study analyzed data from patients who had undergone a 4-week breathing-based intervention program following immobilization due to femoral neck fracture. Participants were divided into two groups based on the intervention they received: the Liuzijue exercise group and the Box Breathing technique group. Both interventions were administered for 20 minutes per session, twice daily, six days per week, over a period of four weeks as part of routine physiotherapy care.
Inspiratory capacity was measured using a volume-oriented incentive spirometer, while blood pressure parameters, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure, were recorded using a Digital sphygmomanometer. Outcome measures were documented at baseline (prior to intervention), at the end of the second week and at the completion of the fourth week.
The primary outcome of the study was the change in inspiratory capacity over the intervention period. Secondary outcomes included changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Data were analyzed to evaluate within-group improvements over time and to compare the effectiveness of Liuzijue and Box Breathing techniques.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Non Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 65 Years 至 85 Years（Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Participants aged between 65-85 years
- •Femoral neck fracture managed conservatively or surgically.
- •Volume-oriented incentive spirometer level less than 1000ml
- •Blood pressure between 130/85 mmHg and 150/95 mmHg, not on regular antihypertensive medications
- •Minimum 2 weeks of immobilization following the fracture.
- •Ability to understand instructions and follow simple exercise routines.
- •Ability to provide informed consent.
排除标准
- •Recent major surgery (other than the femoral fracture)
- •Severe hearing or speech impairment
- •Uncontrolled hypertension (BP > 150/95 mmHg)
- •Use of supplemental oxygen at rest
- •Cognitive impairment
- •History of cardiovascular events in the past 6 months
- •History of recurrent syncope or dizziness
- •Severe uncontrolled pain in the lower limb
研究组 & 干预措施
Liuzijue Qi Gong Exercise Group
干预措施: Liuzijue Qi Gong Exercise (Other)
Box Breathing Technique Group
干预措施: Box Breathing Technique (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
Change in Inspiratory Capacity (mL) measured using Volume-Oriented Incentive Spirometer
时间窗: Baseline (Pre-test), Week 2, Week 4
Inspiratory capacity will be quantitatively measured in milliliters (mL) using a volume-oriented incentive spirometer. Participants will perform three maximal slow inspiratory efforts in an upright sitting position, and the highest recorded value will be used for analysis. Measurements will be collected using the same calibrated spirometer device for all participants to ensure consistency. Data will be recorded as continuous numerical values in milliliters and analyzed as within-group and between-group changes over time.
次要结局
- Change in Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) measured using Digital Sphygmomanometer(Baseline (Pre-test), Week 2, Week 4)
- Change in Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) measured using Digital Sphygmomanometer(Baseline (Pre-test), Week 2, Week 4)
研究者
Srivatsan Munusamy
Principal Investigator
Saveetha University