Investigation of the Relationship Between Exercise Capacity, Physical Fitness, Quality of Life, Physical Activity Level, Cognitive Status and Health Literacy in Individuals Diagnosed With Dyslipidemia

Lipid profile disorders (especially high total blood cholesterol levels) are considered a significant public health problem worldwide and it is reported that approximately one in three people are exposed to risk factors that can lead to dyslipidemia. Prevalence studies conducted worldwide show that lipid profile disorders vary between 6.9% and 43.6%. Today, ischemic heart and central nervous system diseases are reported to be the most important causes of mortality and morbidity in the adult population globally. It is accepted that lipid profile disorders are the leading risk factors that cause ischemic heart diseases in particular. Since lipid profile disorders are caused by many different genetic and environmental factors, their incidence varies according to regions, lifestyle habits and individual factors. Apart from individual factors, lipid weight in the diet and lack of other nutrients that balance lipid metabolism, physical activity level and inactivity, other existing comorbid diseases and medical treatments change lipid metabolism in individuals and may lead to deterioration in lipid profile. In particular, lifestyle habits are the most easily modifiable factors that affect lipid metabolism. Studies conducted to evaluate the effect of genetic factors have shown that blood lipid levels are generally higher in Caucasians (especially total plasma cholesterol), that plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels are lower in East-Southeast Asian societies, and that plasma lipid density is generally lower in Hispanic societies. These studies have also indicated that these differences in lipid profiles are seen in the ethnic group examined in isolation when compared to other ethnic groups living in the same region, and therefore that dyslipidemia also has a genetic origin. It is recommended to follow multifaceted approaches when treating lipid profile disorders. Dietary counseling and exercise therapy are generally recommended to be included in these approaches. Exercise therapy is considered a very important treatment option, especially for controlling and treating obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and metabolic syndrome symptoms that may accompany dyslipidemia. Physical activity is defined as body movements that create skeletal muscle contraction and increase energy expenditure. Exercise is a specialized type of physical activity that focuses on working specific muscle groups within a structured program for a specific purpose. Physical activity and exercise are beneficial for health and have a positive effect on psychological function, quality of life, morbidity, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Physical activity and exercise also increase self-esteem and social participation, while reducing depression and other related mental symptoms.