The Effect of a Sports-Based Cognitive Game Development Program on Attention Level and Prefrontal EEG Theta/Beta Ratio
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 95
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- d2 Attention Test Total Net Error (TNE) Score
研究概览
简要总结
This study looked at whether a 12-week sports-based cognitive game program could improve attention and change brain activity in athletes. Ninety-five active athletes from Düzce University were randomly placed into two groups. One group (45 people) took part in a cognitive game program twice a week for 12 weeks, in addition to their regular sports training. Each session lasted 45 minutes and included games designed to build attention, reaction speed, decision-making, and multitasking skills. The other group (50 people) continued their usual sports training without any additional program.
Before and after the 12 weeks, all participants completed a paper-and-pencil attention test (the d2 Attention Test) and had a short, painless brain-wave recording (EEG) taken from the forehead area while sitting quietly with their eyes closed. The researchers compared how much each group's attention scores and brain-wave patterns changed over the 12 weeks.
The results showed that the group who took part in the cognitive game program improved significantly more in attention performance than the group who did not, and also showed a favorable change in their brain-wave pattern (a lower theta/beta ratio, which is linked to better attention control). The group that continued regular training without the program showed little change in either measure.
These findings suggest that adding structured, game-based cognitive training to regular sports training may offer additional benefits for attention and brain function beyond physical training alone.
详细描述
This study used a pre-test-post-test, randomized controlled experimental design to examine the effects of a 12-week sports-based cognitive game development program on selective attention performance and prefrontal EEG theta/beta ratio (TBR) in active university athletes.
Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 45) or a control group (n = 50) using a computer-assisted random number table. Baseline equivalence between groups was confirmed for both outcome measures prior to the intervention (d2 TNE: t(93) = -0.514, p = .608; Fz theta/beta: t(93) = 1.128, p = .262).
The experimental group participated in a structured, five-stage sports-based cognitive game development program, delivered twice weekly for 12 weeks (24 sessions total, 45 minutes per session). The program followed a gradual cognitive load principle across five stages: (1) adaptation and basic cognitive infrastructure, (2) attention and reaction development, (3) decision-making and strategy, (4) concentration and multitasking performance, and (5) reinforcement and transfer to sport. Each session consisted of five fixed components: greeting and orientation (3 min), attention warm-up exercises (5 min), cognitive reaction games (15 min), strategy and decision-making games (15 min), and evaluation/closing (7 min). Sessions were delivered by a single PhD-level sport sciences researcher, and fidelity was monitored using structured session control forms.
The control group continued their regular sports training without any additional intervention during the 12-week period.
Outcome measures were collected at baseline and following the 12-week period:
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Basic Science
- 盲法
- None
盲法说明
No masking was applied in this study. Due to the nature of the intervention (an in-person, game-based cognitive-physical training program), it was not feasible to blind participants, the practitioner delivering the sessions, or the researchers to group assignment.
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 25 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Actively engaged in sports/regular athletic training
- •No neurological or psychiatric diagnosis in the past six months
- •Continuing a regular exercise program throughout the study period
- •Full participation in all intervention sessions (for experimental group) or willingness to continue regular sports training (for control group)
- •Aged 18-25 years
- •Voluntary participation with written informed consent
排除标准
- •Neurological or psychiatric diagnosis within the past six months
- •Inability to attend the required number of sessions
- •Withdrawal of informed consent
研究组 & 干预措施
Experimental Group
Participants received a 12-week sports-based cognitive game development program (24 sessions, twice weekly, 45 min/session) in addition to regular sports training.
干预措施: Sports-Based Cognitive Game Development Program (Behavioral)
Control Group
Participants continued their regular sports training without any additional intervention during the 12-week period.
结局指标
主要结局
d2 Attention Test Total Net Error (TNE) Score
时间窗: Baseline (pre-test) and after 12 weeks (post-test)
Selective attention performance measured by the Total Net Error (TNE) score of the d2 Attention Test, calculated as TNE = TN (total correctly marked targets) - E2 (commission errors). Higher scores indicate better selective attention performance.
Fz EEG Theta/Beta Ratio
时间窗: Baseline (pre-test) and after 12 weeks (post-test)
Prefrontal EEG theta (4-8 Hz) to beta (13-21 Hz) power ratio, recorded from the Fz electrode using the Nexus 10 Mk II device during a 10-minute eyes-closed resting condition. Lower ratios indicate better attention regulation and prefrontal inhibitory capacity.
次要结局
未报告次要终点
研究者
Hande Baba Kaya
Associate Professor
Duzce University