Dining Out in NYC: Using VR to Investigate the Influence of Multisensory Urban Design Factors on Eating Behavior in Emerging Adults
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 25
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Food Intake Day 1
研究概览
简要总结
Many factors influence eating choices among humans (mood, taste, convenience, time of day, etc.). Finding simple ways to decrease food intake or improve food choices could improve weight status and overall health of the general population. The purpose of this study is to see if city and/or nature smells affect human eating behavior within a virtual reality-simulated outdoor café. The researchers of this study believe that a better understanding of how smells affect eating behavior could lead to public guidelines that direct the construction and layout of such outdoor eating environments to better support healthy behaviors.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Crossover
- 主要目的
- Other
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 29 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Between the ages of 18-29
- •Fluent in English
- •Free of self-reported food allergies/food sensitivities
- •No diagnosis of cognitive or physical disabilities/disorders that may affect appetite or eating behaviors (Examples include Major Depressive Disorder, dementia, or eating disorders)
- •No diagnosis of disabilities that may affect sensory proprioception related to virtual reality (Examples include vertigo, epilepsy, and ataxia)
- •Not color blind
- •Does not experience anosmia (inability or weak ability to smell)
- •Must have hair ≥3 cm in length at the cortisol sample site (roughly midline of the skull left to right and two inches up from the base of the hairline at the neck).
- •No hair transplant in the last 6 months
排除标准
- •Are younger than 18 or older than 29 years of age
- •Not fluent in English
- •Have self-reported food allergies
- •Have a diagnosis of cognitive or physical disabilities that may affect appetite or eating behaviors (Examples include Major Depressive Disorder, dementia, or eating disorders)
- •Have a diagnosis of disabilities that may affect sensory proprioception related to virtual reality (Examples include vertigo, epilepsy, and ataxia)
- •Suffers from color blindness
- •Suffers from anosmia (inability or weak ability to smell)
- •Hair shorter than 3 cm in length at the cortisol sample site (roughly midline of the skull left to right and two inches up from the base of the hairline at the neck)
- •Has had a hair transplant in the last 6 months
结局指标
主要结局
Food Intake Day 1
时间窗: Measured once 5-10 minutes after the end of meal consumption
Total weight of the meal and individual components of the meal are measured in grams before and after participant consumption. The difference is recorded as the amount consumed by the participant. Grams of food will be converted into kilocalories and reported as energy consumed as well.
Food Intake Day 2
时间窗: Measured 5-10 minutes after the end of meal consumption
Total weight of the meal and individual components of the meal are measured in grams before and after participant consumption. The difference is recorded as the amount consumed by the participant. Grams of food will be converted into kilocalories and reported as energy consumed as well.
Scent Experience Questionnaire (SEQ) Baseline Visit 1
时间窗: Measured 5-10 minutes prior to entering VR environment at Visit 1
Answered on a tablet; Participants respond to questions 1-3 using a visual analog scale with opposite descriptors on each end. Question 4 is open response that will be coded as a positive memory/scent or negative memory/scent. 1. How pleasant or unpleasant is the smell you are experiencing? (low anchor: extremely unpleasant, high anchor: extremely pleasant) 2. How intense is the smell you are experiencing? (low anchor: not detectable, high anchor: very strong) 3. How familiar is the smell you are experiencing? (low anchor: completely unknown, high anchor: extremely familiar) 4. Does the smell you are experiencing remind you of anything? If so, what?
Scent Experience Questionnaire (SEQ) Baseline Visit 2
时间窗: Measured 5-10 minutes prior to entering VR environment at Visit 2
Answered on a tablet; Participants respond to questions 1-3 using a visual analog scale with opposite descriptors on each end. Question 4 is open response that will be coded as a positive memory/scent or negative memory/scent. 1. How pleasant or unpleasant is the smell you are experiencing? (low anchor: extremely unpleasant, high anchor: extremely pleasant) 2. How intense is the smell you are experiencing? (low anchor: not detectable, high anchor: very strong) 3. How familiar is the smell you are experiencing? (low anchor: completely unknown, high anchor: extremely familiar) 4. Does the smell you are experiencing remind you of anything? If so, what?
Scent Experience Questionnaire (SEQ) Post-VR Visit 1
时间窗: Measured 1-5 minutes after entering VR environment at Visit 1
Answered on a tablet; Participants respond to questions 1-3 using a visual analog scale with opposite descriptors on each end. Question 4 is open response that will be coded as a positive memory/scent or negative memory/scent. 1. How pleasant or unpleasant is the smell you are experiencing? (low anchor: extremely unpleasant, high anchor: extremely pleasant) 2. How intense is the smell you are experiencing? (low anchor: not detectable, high anchor: very strong) 3. How familiar is the smell you are experiencing? (low anchor: completely unknown, high anchor: extremely familiar) 4. Does the smell you are experiencing remind you of anything? If so, what?
Scent Experience Questionnaire (SEQ) Post-VR Visit 2
时间窗: Measured 1-5 minutes after entering VR environment at Visit 2
Answered on a tablet; Participants respond to questions 1-3 using a visual analog scale with opposite descriptors on each end. Question 4 is open response that will be coded as a positive memory/scent or negative memory/scent. 1. How pleasant or unpleasant is the smell you are experiencing? (low anchor: extremely unpleasant, high anchor: extremely pleasant) 2. How intense is the smell you are experiencing? (low anchor: not detectable, high anchor: very strong) 3. How familiar is the smell you are experiencing? (low anchor: completely unknown, high anchor: extremely familiar) 4. Does the smell you are experiencing remind you of anything? If so, what?
次要结局
- Pleasure-Arousal-Dominance (PAD) Survey Baseline Visit 1(Measured 5-10 minutes prior to entering VR environment at Visit 1)
- Pleasure-Arousal-Dominance (PAD) Survey Baseline Visit 2(Measured 5-10 minutes prior to entering VR environment at Visit 2)
- Pleasure-Arousal-Dominance (PAD) Survey Post VR Visit 1(Measured 1-5 minutes after entering VR environment at Visit 1)
- Pleasure-Arousal-Dominance (PAD) Survey Post VR Visit 2(Measured 1-5 minutes after entering VR environment at Visit 2)
- Positive Affect Negative Affect Survey (PANAS) Baseline Visit 1(Measured 5-10 minutes prior to entering VR environment at Visit 1)
- Positive Affect Negative Affect Survey (PANAS) Baseline Visit 2(Measured 5-10 minutes prior to entering VR environment at Visit 2)
- Positive Affect Negative Affect Survey (PANAS) Post-VR Visit 1(Measured 1-5 minutes after entering VR environment at Visit 1)
- Positive Affect Negative Affect Survey (PANAS) Post-VR Visit 2(Measured 1-5 minutes after entering VR environment at Visit 2)
- State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) Baseline Visit 1(Measured 5-10 minutes prior to entering VR environment at Visit 1)
- State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) Baseline Visit 2(Measured 5-10 minutes prior to entering VR environment at Visit 2)
- State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) Post-VR Visit 1(Measured 1-5 minutes after entering VR environment at Visit 1)
- State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) Post-VR Visit 2(Measured 1-5 minutes after entering VR environment at Visit 2)
- Affect and Spatial Experience Scale (ASE)(Measured 5-10 minutes after the end of meal consumption and VR experience at visit 1)
- VR Presence Questionnaire Visit 1(Measured once 5-10 minutes after the end of meal consumption and the VR experience at visit 1)
- VR Presence Questionnaire Visit 2(Measured once 5-10 minutes after the end of meal consumption and the VR experience at visit 2)
- VR Preference Questionnaire Visit 1(Measured once 5-10 minutes after the end of meal consumption and the VR experience at visit 1)
- VR Preference Questionnaire Visit 2(Measured once 5-10 minutes after the end of meal consumption and the VR experience at visit 2)
- Hair Cortisol(Measured once 15 minutes prior to entering VR environment at Visit 1)
研究者
Travis Masterson
Assistant Professor and Director of the Health, Ingestive Behavior, and Technology Lab
Penn State University