Predicting Pediatric Intraluminal Pulmonary Vein Stenosis Outcomes Using a Comprehensive Standardized Catheterization Assessment

This is a prospective, single center study which applies a standardized, comprehensive catheterization assessment to patients with a known or suspected diagnosis of pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) who are undergoing a cardiac catheterization at Boston Children's Hospital. As part of the assessment, each pulmonary vein will undergo angiography (pictures using moving x-rays and contrast dye), intravascular ultrasound (IVUS; pictures of the vein wall using a catheter inside the vein), pressure assessment and compliance testing. The status of each pulmonary vein will then be assessed 12 months after the catheterization (i.e. no disease, severe disease, etc.). Using statistics, the investigators will determine which patient and vein characteristics (obtained at the of catheterization) can predict whether or not a pulmonary vein will have disease. The investigators hypothesize that this comprehensive, standardized, invasive assessment of pediatric intraluminal PVS can predict vein outcome.