Turkish Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Validity, and Reliability of the "Brief Inventory of Treatment Expectations in Chronic Pain" (BITEC) Scale
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 尚未招募
- 入组人数
- 250
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Turkish Brief Inventory of Treatment Expectations in Chronic Pain (BITEC-TR) Score
研究概览
简要总结
The purpose of this study is to conduct the Turkish cross-cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability study of the "Brief Inventory of Treatment Expectations in Chronic Pain" (BITEC) scale. Chronic pain is a complex, multidimensional experience that affects a significant portion of the adult population. Treatment expectations play a critical role in predicting clinical outcomes and directly influencing placebo/nocebo responses. While several tools exist to evaluate expectations, there is a lack of a concise, clinician-friendly, and Item Response Theory (IRT)-based instrument adapted for Turkish chronic pain populations. The BITEC is a 9-item scale that evaluates biological, psychological, and social/interactional expectation domains.
This methodological and cross-sectional study will be conducted with adult patients diagnosed with chronic pain for at least three months at Bingöl State Hospital. The study will be carried out in four consecutive stages: cross-cultural adaptation (forward and backward translation), comprehensibility pre-testing (with 30-40 volunteers), main data collection (with at least 200 participants), and statistical analyses. Data will be collected through printed forms and an online survey platform (Kobotoolbox), involving no clinical interventions. Participants will complete a sociodemographic information form, the Turkish version of the BITEC (BITEC-TR), the Treatment Expectations in Chronic Pain Scale (TEC-TR), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Additionally, a subgroup of approximately 60 participants will recomplete the BITEC-TR 7-10 days after the initial session to evaluate test-retest reliability. Psychometric evaluation will include construct validity through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and internal consistency and stability measurements.
详细描述
This study is a methodological and cross-sectional research project aimed at the cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Brief Inventory of Treatment Expectations in Chronic Pain (BITEC) into Turkish. The study will be conducted at Bingöl University Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation and Bingöl State Hospital Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinic. Data collection involves no clinical interventions and will be carried out using printed forms and an online survey platform (Kobotoolbox).
Procedure and Stages
The research will be executed in four consecutive stages:
Stage 1 - Cross-Cultural Adaptation: The BITEC will be adapted into Turkish following the ISPOR guidelines. Two independent native Turkish translators (one health professional, one linguist) will perform the forward translation. An expert panel will synthesize these translations into a consensus version. A native English speaker fluent in Turkish and blind to the original scale will perform the backward translation. The back-translated version will be compared with the original scale to eliminate semantic discrepancies.
Stage 2 - Comprehensibility Pre-testing: The provisional Turkish version will be administered to 30-40 volunteers diagnosed with chronic pain. Items will be rated on a scale from 0 (not comprehensible at all) to 10 (completely comprehensible). Items with a mean score below 8 will be revised.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Other
- 时间视角
- Prospective
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 70 Years（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Aged 18-70 years
- •Having chronic pain for at least 3 months according to the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) criteria
- •Diagnosed with any chronic pain condition (e.g., fibromyalgia, nociceptive pain, neuropathic pain, etc.)
- •Being literate
- •Currently receiving any medical treatment
排除标准
- •Presence of cancer-related pain
- •Diagnosis of acute pain
- •Being unable to fill out the questionnaire due to a diagnosed cognitive impairment or psychiatric illness
- •Presence of visual or motor disabilities that prevent completing the questionnaire
研究组 & 干预措施
Patients with Chronic Pain
Adult patients aged 18-70 who have been experiencing non-cancer chronic pain for at least three months, are literate, and are currently receiving medical treatment. Data will be collected through printed forms or the online survey platform Kobotoolbox.
干预措施: Survey Assessment Battery (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
Turkish Brief Inventory of Treatment Expectations in Chronic Pain (BITEC-TR) Score
时间窗: Baseline (Day 1) and 7-10 days later for the test-retest subgroup.
The BITEC-TR is a 9-item scale that evaluates biological, psychological, and social/interactional domains of treatment expectations in individuals with chronic pain. Each item is scored on a 4-point category scale (Never, Sometimes, Almost Always, Always). Total scores reflect the patient's level of treatment expectations, with higher scores or specific classification levels indicating higher expectations. It will be used to assess the scale's construct validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability.
11-point Numerical Pain Rating Scale Score
时间窗: Baseline (Day 1)
An 11-point segment scale (0 to 10) used to measure average pain intensity over the last week. '0' represents no pain, and '10' represents unbearable pain. It will be used to evaluate the convergent validity of the BITEC-TR.
次要结局
- Treatment Expectations in Chronic Pain Scale(Baseline (Day 1))
- Pain Catastrophizing Scale(Baseline (Day 1))
- Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Score(Baseline (Day 1))
研究者
Aybüke Fanuscu
assistant professor
Bingol University