Association Between Postoperative Residual Neuromuscular Block After Rocuronium Administration and Passive Smoke Exposure in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Dental Procedures

This is a prospective, single-center observational cohort study involving children aged 2-12 years undergoing elective dental procedures under general anesthesia in whom rocuronium is administered for neuromuscular blockade. The study is designed to determine the incidence of postoperative residual neuromuscular block (PRNB) after clinical extubation and to investigate whether passive smoke exposure is associated with an increased risk of PRNB.

Anesthetic management will be performed according to the study protocol. Following clinical recovery and extubation, patients will be transferred to the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), where quantitative neuromuscular function will be assessed using a TOF-Watch SX monitor. Ulnar nerve stimulation and the adductor pollicis response will be used for train-of-four (TOF) monitoring. PRNB will be defined as a TOF ratio <0.9.

Passive smoke exposure will be assessed using information obtained from the parent or legal guardian, including the presence and number of smokers in the household, smoking by the primary caregiver, smoking inside the home, daily cigarette consumption, and the duration of the child's exposure. Participants will be classified according to the presence or absence of passive smoke exposure.

In addition to determining the incidence of PRNB, the study will evaluate the association between passive smoke exposure and PRNB, the relationship between TOF ratio and postoperative respiratory complications, and the effect of the interval between the last dose of rocuronium and TOF assessment on PRNB.