Effects of Music Listening During Non-Stress Test Monitoring on Fetal Parameters, Maternal Anxiety, Loneliness, and Positive-Negative Affect: A Randomized Controlled Trial
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 100
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Maternal State Anxiety
研究概览
简要总结
This study evaluated whether listening to music during routine non-stress test (NST) monitoring affects fetal parameters and maternal psychological outcomes. NST is a common prenatal assessment, and some pregnant women may experience anxiety or negative emotions during the procedure. Music listening is a non-pharmacological approach that may improve emotional well-being and potentially influence fetal responses.
In this randomized controlled trial, pregnant women who attended an NST unit were assigned either to a music group that listened to music through headphones during NST monitoring or to a control group that received routine NST monitoring without music. Fetal parameters were assessed from NST recordings. Maternal anxiety, loneliness, and positive-negative affect were measured before and after the NST using validated questionnaires.
The results of this study aim to inform supportive prenatal care practices and evaluate whether music listening can be used as a simple intervention during NST monitoring.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Supportive Care
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- Female
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Pregnant women attending the NST unit during the study period
- •Aged 18 years or older
- •Volunteered to participate and provided written informed consent
排除标准
- •Inability to read and write Turkish
- •Hearing impairment or mental health conditions limiting participation
- •Multiple pregnancy
研究组 & 干预措施
Music Listening During NST
Participants listened to music through headphones during routine NST monitoring in a left lateral position for at least 20 minutes. The volume was adjusted according to participant preference.
干预措施: Music Listening During NST (Behavioral)
Control Group
Participants received routine NST monitoring in a left lateral position for at least 20 minutes without music.
结局指标
主要结局
Maternal State Anxiety
时间窗: Baseline (pre-NST) and immediately post-NST (same visit)
Change in maternal anxiety measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - State Form (STAI-S). Scores range from 20 to 80; higher scores indicate greater anxiety.
次要结局
- Loneliness (Social and Emotional Loneliness)(Baseline (pre-NST) and immediately post-NST (same visit))
- Positive and Negative Affect(Baseline (pre-NST) and immediately post-NST (same visit))
- Fetal Heart Rate During NST(During NST monitoring (same visit))
- Fetal Movement Count During NST(During NST monitoring (same visit).)
研究者
Nilgun Avci
phD
Biruni University