Effect of Total Cold-Water Immersion Vs Ice Massage Modalities on Recovery After Exercise-induced Muscle Damage Among Adults
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 60
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Change measure of Serum creatine kinase blood test
研究概览
简要总结
Evidence regarding the effect of the therapeutic modalities on muscle recovery after exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) was lacking. Therefore, this study played a role in bridging this gap, where total cold-water immersion (TCWI) values return to baseline 72 h after the muscle damage protocol, regarding creatine kinase (CK) levels, power and strength, and delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS).
详细描述
Participants were recruited by means of convenience sampling. A message was sent via WhatsApp for all the contact list of the investigators. This message included a brief explanation of the study purpose, phone numbers of the three investigators and a request to forward this message to the contact lists of the recipients.
At the beginning of the study, all participants' data were recorded, including their physical characteristics and eligibility.
Eligible participants were given information sheets and signed consent forms. Afterward, they were familiarized with the experimental procedure and given numbers in order to assure blindness during the processes of allocating them into groups and assessing the outcomes. Final participants included 60 eligible stratified into two blocks (30 males and 30 females).
Then a randomization website -website spreadsheet generator; http://www.randomization.com was used to randomly allocate each into one of two intervention groups: 1) Total CWI (TCWI) or 2) IM.
Baseline measurements of both groups (TCWI and IM) were taken and include one repetition maximun (1-RM), (2) CMJ, (3) VAS, and (4) Serum CK tests. Testing was followed by a warm-up session and then by muscle damage protocol. Thereafter, each of the interventions (TCWI or IM) were performed and followed by post-exercise measurements at 2; 24, 48 and 72 hours.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Prevention
- 盲法
- Triple (Participant, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 19 Years 至 44 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Lebanese adults aged between 19 and 44 years,
- •resided in Tyre and Saida districts, and Beirut governorate,
- •regular exercise (30 min of moderate-intensity physical activity on at least 3 d. wk-1 for at least the past 3 months).
排除标准
- •history of serious lower limb trauma (fractures, meniscus or ligament tears)
- •troubles of the sensation of cold temperature,
- •cardiopulmonary or inflammatory diseases
- •follow regular strength and plyometric training exercises
结局指标
主要结局
Change measure of Serum creatine kinase blood test
时间窗: Baseline, 2 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours
Muscle damage was tested by serum CK blood test, rather than the other affected intramuscular proteins, due to its dramatic increase in blood plasma after EIMD, and the low cost of its assay (Clarkson \& Hubal, 2002). The blood samples were taken to a specific laboratory test where it was allowed 30 min for clotting, then centrifuged for 20min at room temperature. The serum was then stored at -20°C until analysis. Finally, Serum CK activity was analyzed with an enzymatic method at 37°C (Vieira et al., 2016).
Change measure of Countermovement jump test
时间窗: Baseline, 2 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours
The countermovement jump (CMJ) test is used to measure muscle power. CMJ is a vertical jump that begins with a countermovement, defined as flexion of the knees (Thomas K, French D, Hayes P.R, 2009). CMJ was shown to affect vertical jump height which indicates that adaptations relating to increases in leg power have occurred. The end of the landing phase represents the end of the CMJ and is defined when the pelvis, marked by the four superior iliac spines, achieved its lowest position (Schwartz et al, 2017). Participants were asked to flex their knees, and then to perform a maximally explosive vertical jump upward, and then land on the floor. To ensure measurement accuracy and reliability, participants were instructed to keep their legs and hips extended until contact is made (end of landing phase) and to keep their hands on their hips during the jump (Markovic, 2004). They repeated the CMJ three times and the highest jump was recorded.
Change measure of Visual Analogue Scale
时间窗: Baseline, 2 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours
Participants were asked to perform maximal isometric contraction of their right knee extensors muscles for 4 seconds and immediately rate their soreness according to the visual analogue scale (VAS) of 10 degrees, ranging from "no soreness" (0) to "severe soreness" (10) (Vieira et al., 2016). VAS showed excellent reliability in the assessment of DOMS, the ICC range was 0.98-0.99 for VAS (Lau, Muthalib \& Nosaka, 2013).
Change measure of 1-Repetition Maximum test
时间窗: Baseline, 2 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours
Muscle strength is measured by one 1-RM, which is considered the gold standard for measuring strength (Puthoff, 2006). Before testing, the participants performed a general cardiovascular warm-up (jogging) for five minutes (Chen, Chen \& Jan, 2015). The participants were asked to perform knee extension for the dominant leg to test the quadriceps muscle starting from 90-degrees knee flexion, with a rest time of one minute. Then, weighs are gradually adjusted, starting from 10 warm-up repetitions, with a light load (LeBrasseur et al., 2008); followed by a sequence of progressively increased weight loads until the subject fails to safely and correctly complete a full range of motion. This load is recorded and referred to as the 1-RM (Puthoff, 2006).
次要结局
未报告次要终点
研究者
Mohammed Ali FAKHRO, DPT
Instructor
Lebanese German University