Comparison of APAD vs Loss of resistance technique for localization of epidural space

This is aprospective randomized single blinded control trial , comparing  APADlocalization of epidural space with loss of resistance technique . Primary  aimof this study is  to locate epiduralspace by using  any one of the technique.Secondary  Objectives were to find the correlationbetween sonographic depth and procedural depth ,to record the time taken toperform individual technique and to assess the number of patients developingadverse event or complications in terms of dural puncture, nerve injury, PDPH .In thisstudy randomization was done using computer generated randomization ,andsequentially numbered  sealed  envelopes were allocated to patients .thenpatients were explained  about thetechnique with complete explanation about the benefits and drawbacks  of technique in their own language, once theyagreed , one of the investigator will perform ultrasound of spine and mark thespace ,and gives its measurement of epidural depth to outcome assessor . nowthe other investigator will perform procedure for epidural catheter placementas per the group allocated in sealed envelop ,now  outcome assessor will record the time timetaken to locate the epidural space, number of space tried , redirection ofneedle ,success of technique , placement of catheter any complications as per Performaand finally the VAS score given by patient.