Urology Department, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan

We would like to conduct a prospective study to evaluate to therapeutic effect of oral valacyclovir for the patients with IC/BPS. The diagnosis of IC/BPS was made through following the clinical symptom index of the American Urological Association guideline. The IC/BPS patients with concurrent urological diseases, such as neurogenic voiding dysfunction, ketamine cystitis or acute bacterial cystitis in recent one month would be excluded. The IC/BPS patients with possibility of pregnancy also would be rule out.

At first, the enrolled patients would be investigated for urinary analysis and culture to rule out current bacteriuria. The enrolled patients would receive a comprehensive medical history review. A pregnancy test would be performed for women of childbearing potential. The patients would be asked to provide urine sample to urinary virus investigation before the treatment. The IC/BPS patients would be investigated for baseline clinical symptoms questionnaire including VAS, QoL, ICPI, ICSI, and OSS. The parameters in the VUDS report also would be record. The Informed consent would be obtained from all individual participants before the intervention. Due to higher bioavailability, we would use valacyclovir in this study. The dose of valacyclovir we use is according to previous valacyclovir study for genital HSV infection. [18] According previous valacyclovir study for chronic recurrence herpesvirus infection disease, long-term therapy of oral valacyclovir < 1000mg/day should be effective and safe; the safety profiles of valacyclovir and placebo were similar. All of our patients would receive open-label oral valacyclovir 500 mg twice per day for 4 weeks.

We estimate to enroll 30 IC/BPS patients with evidence of EBV infection in bladder into this study. After the beginning of valacyclovir therapy, the patients would receive a telephone interview to evaluated current symptoms changes at first and second weeks. The overall improvement of current therapy would be assessed with Global Response Assessment (GRA) (3: symptoms free, 2: >50% symptoms improvement, 1: 25-50% symptoms improvement, 0: 0-25% symptoms improvement, -1: symptoms worse). The GRA, VAS, and any adverse effect would be investigated in the telephone interview. After the full 4 weeks treatment, the patients would be asked to back to our clinic. All symptoms questionnaire (GRA, VAS, QoL, ICPI, ICSI, and OSS) and adverse effect would be evaluated again. The patients would be asked to provide urine sample again. The primary endpoint of this study is the GRA at 4 weeks. The secondary endpoints include the changes of VAS, VAS, QoL, ICPI, ICSI, and OSS between baseline and end of the study. The following figure showed the study flow diagram.