Evaluation of Maxillary En-masse Retraction Rate Supported by Mini-screws and Assisted by Traditional or Flapless Corticotomy Techniques: A Randomized Controlled Trial
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 40
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Change in the anteroposterior movement of the molar at 5 months
研究概览
简要总结
This study aims to assess the dental changes, periodontal health and the pulp vitality in mini-screw supported en-masse retraction associated with traditional or flapless corticotomy techniques.
40 adult patients exhibiting class II division 1 malocclusion requiring upper first premolar extractions followed by en-masse retraction will participate in the study. They will be randomly and equally distributed into two groups: traditional corticotomy (20 patients) versus flapless corticotomy (20 patients). The corticotomy procedure will be performed pre-retraction. The dental changes will be assessed using dental casts. The impressions will be taken after finishing the leveling and alignment phase and before starting the en-masse retraction (T0), 1 month (T1), 2 months (T2), 3 months (T3), 4 months (T4), and 5 months (T5) following the onset of en-masse retraction. The final impression will be considered at the end of the en-masse retraction (when the canines reach Class Ι relationship).
详细描述
One of the most important challenges in daily practice is prolonged orthodontic treatment duration. For that lots of therapeutic procedures have been introduced to minimize orthodontic treatment time such as surgical interventions. Even though the traditional corticotomy with flap elevation proved to be effective in accelerating different types of tooth movement, it has been deemed aggressive. Therefore, minimally invasive surgical techniques have been proposed and labeled 'flapless corticotomies'.
In flapless corticotomy group, vertical soft-tissue incisions will be made on the buccal and palatal gingiva by using a blade N.15. One incision will be made between the roots of the six upper anterior teeth, and two incisions will be made between the upper canines and second premolars. The incisions will be 5 mm long and started 4 mm apical to the interdental papilla. Then a piezosurgery knife will be inserted to perform the cortical alveolar incisions with 3-mm in-depth and 8-mm in length. No suturing will be needed.
In traditional corticotomy group, a full-thickness mucoperiosteal flap will be elevated including the interdental papilla, and extended from the distal side of the second premolar on the right side to the same position on the left side without performing any vertical releasing incisions. The full-thickness flap will be extended 3 mm above the root apices, from the buccal and palatal sides, knowing that the incision in the incisal papilla region will be done around it with a (V) or (U) shape. Then, one vertical incision between the roots of upper anterior teeth and two vertical incisions in the site of first premolar extraction will be made by the piezosurgery knife. The vertical incisions will be connected by a horizontal incision using the piezosurgery knives. The vertical incisions will be 3 mm in depth, starting 2-3 mm apical to the alveolar crest, and extending 3 mm beyond the root apices. The interrupted technique of suturing will be done using a non-absorbent 3-0 black silk.
The en-masse retraction will be begun 4 days after carrying out the corticotomy procedure using 0.019×0.025-inch SS archwires with 8-10-mm long soldered hooks located distal to the lateral incisors. NiTi closed coil springs with 9-mm long will be extended from the mini-screws to the soldered hooks and applied 250-g of force per side. The patients' follow-up appointments will be every 2 weeks. The force will be measured on every appointment and adjusted if needed. The endpoint of the monitoring period will be the session when canines reached a class Ι relationship.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- Single (Outcomes Assessor)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 30 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Age range between 18 and 30 years.
- •Class II division 1 malocclusion requiring extraction of upper first premolars.
- •Mild to moderate skeletal class II malocclusion.
- •Normal or excessive anterior facial height.
- •No or mild crowding (tooth-size arch-length discrepancy ≤3 mm).
- •Overjet >5 mm and <10 mm.
- •Completion permanent dentition (regardless of third molars).
- •No previous orthodontic treatment.
- •No drug use or systematic disease that would affect the bone and tooth movement rate.
- •Healthy periodontium and good oral hygiene.
排除标准
- •Patients with previous orthodontic treatment.
- •Patients with severe skeletal dysplasia in all three dimensions.
- •Patients suffer from systemic diseases or syndromes
- •Patients on medication for systemic disorders, pregnancy or steroid therapy.
- •Patients showing any signs of active periodontal disease
- •Patients with severe crowding (≥ 3.5 mm) in maxillary arch
- •Patients with missing or extracted teeth in maxillary arch except third molar.
研究组 & 干预措施
Traditional corticotomy
Adult patients will be treated by en-masse retraction associated with traditional corticotomy.
干预措施: Traditional corticotomy (Procedure)
Flapless corticotomy
Adult patients will be treated by en-masse retraction associated with flapless corticotomy.
干预措施: Flapless corticotomy (Procedure)
结局指标
主要结局
Change in the anteroposterior movement of the molar at 5 months
时间窗: T0:1 day before the beginning of the retraction phase. T1: after 1 month of the beginning of retraction phase . T2: after 2 months. T3: after 3 months. T4: after 4 months. T5: immediately after the end of retraction phase (expected to be after 5 months)
The anteroposterior movement of the molar (mm/month) in each group will be calculated. This outcome will be measured on the dental casts by drawing two projections from the central groove of the first maxillary molar and the mesial ending of the third palatal rugae to the middle palatal bone line. The anteroposterior movement of the first maxillary molar (mm) will be measured by dividing the distance between the two projections by the time elapsed between assessment times.
Change in the inter-canine width at 5 months
时间窗: T0:1 day before the beginning of the retraction phase. T1: after 1 month of the beginning of retraction phase . T2: after 2 months. T3: after 3 months. T4: after 4 months. T5: immediately after the end of retraction phase (expected to be after 5 months)
The change in the inter-canine width (mm/month) in each group will be calculated. Assessment will be performed by measuring the distance between the cusp tips of the two upper canines. This variable will be measured on dental casts.
The rate of en-masse retraction of upper anterior teeth.
时间窗: The calculation of the rate of retraction will be done once the retraction procedures finish. It is expected to happen within 5 months
The rate of en-masse retraction of upper anterior teeth (mm/month) in each group will be calculated. This outcome will be measured by the following steps: Drawing a projection from the upper canine apex to the middle palatal bone line. Drawing a projection from the upper central incisor edge to the middle palatal bone line. Drawing a projection from the mesial ending of the third palatal rugae to the middle palatal bone line. Measuring the distance (mm) between the canine apex and third palatal rugae projections. Measuring the distance (mm) between the central incisor edge and third palatal rugae projections. The rate of en-masse retraction will be measured by dividing the distance between the canine apex/central incisor edge projections and the third palatal rugae projection by the time elapsed between assessment times.
Change in the inter-molar width at 5 months
时间窗: T0:1 day before the beginning of the retraction phase. T1: after 1 month of the beginning of retraction phase . T2: after 2 months. T3: after 3 months. T4: after 4 months. T5: immediately after the end of retraction phase (expected to be after 5 months)
The change in the inter-molar width (mm/month) in each group will be calculated. Assessment will be performed by measuring the distance between the the central groove of the two first maxillary molars. This variable will be measured on dental casts.
次要结局
- The change in dental plaque index according to Silness and Loe(T0: immediately before the start of treatment; T1: one day before the commencement of the retraction phase; T2: immediately after the end of retraction phase (expected to be after 5 months))
- The change in gingival recession index according to Miller(T0: immediately before the start of treatment; T1: one day before the commencement of the retraction phase; T2: immediately after the end of retraction phase (expected to be after 5 months))
- The change in papillary bleeding index according to Muhlemann(T0: immediately before the start of treatment; T1: one day before the commencement of the retraction phase; T2: immediately after the end of retraction phase (expected to be after 5 months))
- Tooth vitality(T0: immediately before the start of treatment; T1: one day before the commencement of the retraction phase; T2: immediately after the end of retraction phase (expected to be after 5 months))
- The change in gingival index according to Silness and Loe(T0: immediately before the start of treatment; T1: one day before the commencement of the retraction phase; T2: immediately after the end of retraction phase (expected to be after 5 months))