Association Between Brain Type (2D:4D Digit Ratio), Playing Position, and Mental Toughness Among Amateur Soccer Players
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 270
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) Total Score
研究概览
简要总结
This observational study aims to investigate the association between brain type, determined by the second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio, playing position, and mental toughness among amateur soccer players. A total of 270 licensed amateur soccer players participated in the study. Mental toughness was assessed using the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ), while brain type was determined by measuring the 2D:4D digit ratio. The study examines whether mental toughness differs according to brain type and playing position, providing insight into the neuropsychological characteristics of soccer players and their potential relationship with psychological performance.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Cohort
- 时间视角
- Cross Sectional
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 16 Years 至 40 Years（Child, Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Licensed amateur soccer player.
- •Aged between 16 and 40 years.
- •Currently participating in regular soccer training and competitions.
- •Able to understand and complete the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ).
- •Provided written informed consent prior to participation.
排除标准
- •Professional soccer players.
- •History of neurological or psychiatric disorders that could affect psychological assessment.
- •Upper extremity deformity or injury preventing accurate 2D:4D measurement.
- •Incomplete questionnaire or missing study data.
- •Declined or withdrew informed consent.
结局指标
主要结局
Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) Total Score
时间窗: Baseline (single assessment)
Mental toughness was assessed using the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ), a validated 14-item self-report questionnaire. Total scores range from 14 to 56, with higher scores indicating greater mental toughness. The total score was compared among brain type (Type A, Type B, and Type C) groups and playing positions.
次要结局
- 2D:4D Digit Ratio Classification(Baseline (single assessment))
- Playing Position Classification(Baseline (single assessment))
研究者
Görkem Açar
Ress. Asst.
Istanbul Gelisim University