Brain Mechanisms Underlying Neurotypical and Disordered Speech
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 招募中
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 90
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Reflexive compensatory response
研究概览
简要总结
This study aims to understand how people use different types of feedback to control their speech. When an individual speaks, the brain relies on several systems at the same time, such as sensory systems that monitor an individuals own voice and the movements of their speech muscles, and a motor system that builds and reads out learned motor patterns. The investigators are studying how these systems work together and how they differ across individuals.
Investigators will test 90 adults between 18 and 50 years old, including people who stutter, people with dyslexia, and people with typical speech and reading development. Participants will complete several short speech tasks in which the sounds they hear or the movements of their jaw or larynx are briefly changed. These responses will be used to measure each person's speech motor skills and to estimate the settings of a computer model called "SimpleDIVA," which simulates how the brain controls speech.
Participants will also complete an MRI scan so investigators can measure the structure and connectivity of different brain regions. These measures will help investigators understand how individual differences in the brain relate to the speech motor control skills we observe. Participants will also complete sessions with noninvasive brain stimulation (transcranial current stimulation, or tCS) to examine how stimulation of specific areas of the brain affects responses during the speech tasks.
The knowledge gained from this study will help researchers understand why speech motor skills vary across people and how differences in neural function may contribute to conditions such as stuttering and dyslexia.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Basic Science
- 盲法
- Single (Participant)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 50 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Native speakers of American English
- •Adults age 18-50
- •Age-appropriate cognitive and receptive vocabulary skills
- •Age-appropriate hearing
- •Adults with dyslexia will have a history of dyslexia or report of ongoing reading difficulties that will be confirmed at the first screening visit
- •Adults who stutter will have a history of stuttering that will be confirmed at the first screening visit
排除标准
- •History of neurological disorder, including a history of seizures
- •Major brain injury, brain surgery, or stroke
- •Orthodontia or atypical oral structure (e.g., cleft palate) that interferes with speech
- •Fluency disorder (except those in the persons who stutter cohort), apraxia of speech, or dysarthria
- •Language or reading disorder (except those in persons with dyslexia cohort)
- •Standardized score below 80 on the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test
- •Standardized score below 1 standard deviation on the NIH Toolbox Picture Vocabulary Test
- •Pregnancy
- •Severe claustrophobia
- •Presence of magnetically or mechanically active implant, or other ferromagnetic material embedded in any part of the body
- •Significant scalp lesions that would prevent transcranial direct stimulation
研究组 & 干预措施
pSTG and vSSC tCS Targeting
Participants in Arm 1 will complete all behavioral, MRI, and tCS study procedures. During the tCS portion of the study, they will receive anodal transcranial current stimulation (tCS) targeting two brain regions: posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG) in one stimulation session and ventral somatosensory cortex (vSSC) in another. In a third session, they will complete the same speech task while receiving sham stimulation targeting either pSTG or vSSC. All participants in this arm will also complete speech motor control tasks involving unpredictable auditory perturbations, sustained auditory perturbations, and somatosensory perturbations, as well as one MRI session.
干预措施: Sustained F0 auditory feedback perturbation (Behavioral)
pSTG and vSSC tCS Targeting
Participants in Arm 1 will complete all behavioral, MRI, and tCS study procedures. During the tCS portion of the study, they will receive anodal transcranial current stimulation (tCS) targeting two brain regions: posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG) in one stimulation session and ventral somatosensory cortex (vSSC) in another. In a third session, they will complete the same speech task while receiving sham stimulation targeting either pSTG or vSSC. All participants in this arm will also complete speech motor control tasks involving unpredictable auditory perturbations, sustained auditory perturbations, and somatosensory perturbations, as well as one MRI session.
干预措施: Reflexive somatosensory perturbation (Behavioral)
pSTG and vSSC tCS Targeting
Participants in Arm 1 will complete all behavioral, MRI, and tCS study procedures. During the tCS portion of the study, they will receive anodal transcranial current stimulation (tCS) targeting two brain regions: posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG) in one stimulation session and ventral somatosensory cortex (vSSC) in another. In a third session, they will complete the same speech task while receiving sham stimulation targeting either pSTG or vSSC. All participants in this arm will also complete speech motor control tasks involving unpredictable auditory perturbations, sustained auditory perturbations, and somatosensory perturbations, as well as one MRI session.
干预措施: Anodal tCS targeting pSTG and vSSC (Other)
Left and Right vPMC tCS Targeting
Participants in Arm 2 will complete all behavioral, MRI, and tCS study procedures. During the tCS portion of the study, they will receive anodal transcranial current stimulation (tCS) targeting left ventral premotor cortex (vPMC) in one stimulation session and right vPMC in another. In a third session, they will complete the same speech task while receiving sham stimulation targeting either the left or right vPMC. All participants in this arm will also complete speech motor control tasks involving unpredictable auditory perturbations, sustained auditory perturbations, and somatosensory perturbations, as well as one MRI session.
干预措施: Anodal tCS targeting left or right vPMC (Other)
pSTG and vSSC tCS Targeting
Participants in Arm 1 will complete all behavioral, MRI, and tCS study procedures. During the tCS portion of the study, they will receive anodal transcranial current stimulation (tCS) targeting two brain regions: posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG) in one stimulation session and ventral somatosensory cortex (vSSC) in another. In a third session, they will complete the same speech task while receiving sham stimulation targeting either pSTG or vSSC. All participants in this arm will also complete speech motor control tasks involving unpredictable auditory perturbations, sustained auditory perturbations, and somatosensory perturbations, as well as one MRI session.
干预措施: Unpredictable auditory feedback perturbation: 2 behavioral sessions (Behavioral)
pSTG and vSSC tCS Targeting
Participants in Arm 1 will complete all behavioral, MRI, and tCS study procedures. During the tCS portion of the study, they will receive anodal transcranial current stimulation (tCS) targeting two brain regions: posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG) in one stimulation session and ventral somatosensory cortex (vSSC) in another. In a third session, they will complete the same speech task while receiving sham stimulation targeting either pSTG or vSSC. All participants in this arm will also complete speech motor control tasks involving unpredictable auditory perturbations, sustained auditory perturbations, and somatosensory perturbations, as well as one MRI session.
干预措施: Unpredictable auditory feedback perturbation during tCS: 3 behavioral sessions (Behavioral)
pSTG and vSSC tCS Targeting
Participants in Arm 1 will complete all behavioral, MRI, and tCS study procedures. During the tCS portion of the study, they will receive anodal transcranial current stimulation (tCS) targeting two brain regions: posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG) in one stimulation session and ventral somatosensory cortex (vSSC) in another. In a third session, they will complete the same speech task while receiving sham stimulation targeting either pSTG or vSSC. All participants in this arm will also complete speech motor control tasks involving unpredictable auditory perturbations, sustained auditory perturbations, and somatosensory perturbations, as well as one MRI session.
干预措施: Sustained F1 auditory feedback perturbation (Behavioral)
pSTG and vSSC tCS Targeting
Participants in Arm 1 will complete all behavioral, MRI, and tCS study procedures. During the tCS portion of the study, they will receive anodal transcranial current stimulation (tCS) targeting two brain regions: posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG) in one stimulation session and ventral somatosensory cortex (vSSC) in another. In a third session, they will complete the same speech task while receiving sham stimulation targeting either pSTG or vSSC. All participants in this arm will also complete speech motor control tasks involving unpredictable auditory perturbations, sustained auditory perturbations, and somatosensory perturbations, as well as one MRI session.
干预措施: Sham tCS targeting pSTG or vSSC (Other)
Left and Right vPMC tCS Targeting
Participants in Arm 2 will complete all behavioral, MRI, and tCS study procedures. During the tCS portion of the study, they will receive anodal transcranial current stimulation (tCS) targeting left ventral premotor cortex (vPMC) in one stimulation session and right vPMC in another. In a third session, they will complete the same speech task while receiving sham stimulation targeting either the left or right vPMC. All participants in this arm will also complete speech motor control tasks involving unpredictable auditory perturbations, sustained auditory perturbations, and somatosensory perturbations, as well as one MRI session.
干预措施: Reflexive somatosensory perturbation (Behavioral)
Left and Right vPMC tCS Targeting
Participants in Arm 2 will complete all behavioral, MRI, and tCS study procedures. During the tCS portion of the study, they will receive anodal transcranial current stimulation (tCS) targeting left ventral premotor cortex (vPMC) in one stimulation session and right vPMC in another. In a third session, they will complete the same speech task while receiving sham stimulation targeting either the left or right vPMC. All participants in this arm will also complete speech motor control tasks involving unpredictable auditory perturbations, sustained auditory perturbations, and somatosensory perturbations, as well as one MRI session.
干预措施: Unpredictable auditory feedback perturbation: 2 behavioral sessions (Behavioral)
Left and Right vPMC tCS Targeting
Participants in Arm 2 will complete all behavioral, MRI, and tCS study procedures. During the tCS portion of the study, they will receive anodal transcranial current stimulation (tCS) targeting left ventral premotor cortex (vPMC) in one stimulation session and right vPMC in another. In a third session, they will complete the same speech task while receiving sham stimulation targeting either the left or right vPMC. All participants in this arm will also complete speech motor control tasks involving unpredictable auditory perturbations, sustained auditory perturbations, and somatosensory perturbations, as well as one MRI session.
干预措施: Unpredictable auditory feedback perturbation during tCS: 3 behavioral sessions (Behavioral)
Left and Right vPMC tCS Targeting
Participants in Arm 2 will complete all behavioral, MRI, and tCS study procedures. During the tCS portion of the study, they will receive anodal transcranial current stimulation (tCS) targeting left ventral premotor cortex (vPMC) in one stimulation session and right vPMC in another. In a third session, they will complete the same speech task while receiving sham stimulation targeting either the left or right vPMC. All participants in this arm will also complete speech motor control tasks involving unpredictable auditory perturbations, sustained auditory perturbations, and somatosensory perturbations, as well as one MRI session.
干预措施: Sustained F1 auditory feedback perturbation (Behavioral)
Left and Right vPMC tCS Targeting
Participants in Arm 2 will complete all behavioral, MRI, and tCS study procedures. During the tCS portion of the study, they will receive anodal transcranial current stimulation (tCS) targeting left ventral premotor cortex (vPMC) in one stimulation session and right vPMC in another. In a third session, they will complete the same speech task while receiving sham stimulation targeting either the left or right vPMC. All participants in this arm will also complete speech motor control tasks involving unpredictable auditory perturbations, sustained auditory perturbations, and somatosensory perturbations, as well as one MRI session.
干预措施: Sustained F0 auditory feedback perturbation (Behavioral)
Left and Right vPMC tCS Targeting
Participants in Arm 2 will complete all behavioral, MRI, and tCS study procedures. During the tCS portion of the study, they will receive anodal transcranial current stimulation (tCS) targeting left ventral premotor cortex (vPMC) in one stimulation session and right vPMC in another. In a third session, they will complete the same speech task while receiving sham stimulation targeting either the left or right vPMC. All participants in this arm will also complete speech motor control tasks involving unpredictable auditory perturbations, sustained auditory perturbations, and somatosensory perturbations, as well as one MRI session.
干预措施: Sham tCS targeting left vPMC or right vPMC (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
Reflexive compensatory response
时间窗: Day 1 and Day 2
The amount of compensation to induced F0 and F1 perturbations will be calculated by finding the maximum deviation of the perturbed variable (F0 or F1) from baseline, dividing it by the perturbation size, and then averaging that across all trials of that perturbation.
Adaptive compensatory response
时间窗: Day 1 and Day 2
The adaptive compensatory response to persistent F0 and F1 perturbations will be calculated by subtracting the mean F0/F1 from the baseline phase from the mean during the after-effect phase, then dividing by the perturbation size to obtain percent adaptation.
次要结局
- Stuttering Severity(Baseline)
- Dyslexia Severity(Baseline)
- Verbal and Nonverbal Intelligence(Baseline)
- Receptive Vocabulary(Baseline)
- Brain region volume(Day 2)
- Brain region area(Day 2)
- Brain region cortical thickness(Day 2)
- Brain region cortical gyrification(Day 2)
- Brain region functional connectivity(Day 2)
- Brain region structural connectivity(Day 2)
研究者
Frank Guenther
Professor
Boston University Charles River Campus