The Effect of Training Given According to the Roy Adaptation Model on the Sleep and Quality of Life of Individuals With Hypertension

Nurses have responsibilities in the treatment of hypertension, especially in controlling blood pressure and risk factors. Patient evaluation, diagnosis, follow-up, medication management, patient training, counseling, and clinical management of patients are among the responsibilities of nurses. It has been reported in previous studies that insufficient sleep duration and sleep apnea cause hypertension. Hypertension patients have been reported to have lower sleep quality scores when compared to individuals with normal blood pressure.

Training given by nurses on issues such as the importance of sleep, providing the necessary sleep time, and resting the individual can turn hypertension into a controllable disease. Previous studies reported that hypertension reduces the quality of life of individuals. Quality of life of hypertension patients is affected by factors such as age, gender, educational status, genetics, and the negative consequences of the disease. These negative consequences can be organ damage, side effects of drugs used, other diseases, obesity, and sexual dysfunctions. The negative psychological state of patients can affect blood pressure, quality of life, and sleep patterns negatively.

Nurses come to the forefront especially with their educational roles in preventive healthcare services, ensuring adaptation to disease and rehabilitation services. One of the most common models used to guide nursing practice and training is the Roy Adaptation Model (RAM) in nursing. Since RAM is functional in compliance with treatment and coping with chronic diseases, it is used as a conceptual model to construct and test nursing theories.

In a study that was conducted by Seah and Tham using RAM, it was reported that individuals adapted better to their disease in a changing environment in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. In the study of Afrasiabifar, Karimi, and Hassani, it was reported that patient training based on RAM strengthened the adjustment in the physiological state and self-concept areas of patients. It was found in another study that patients who received RAM training used effective coping mechanisms to adapt to various symptoms and responded more positively to treatment. In a study conducted by Lok et al., it was found that Cognitive Stimulation Therapy significantly increased the quality of life. Also, in another study that was conducted according to RAM, it was reported that web-based training increased the quality of life significantly in the physiological field.

There may be problems in compliance with the disease, symptoms, disease management, and treatment in hypertension patients. Patient training given by nurses is important in ensuring compliance with the disease, treatment, and care of hypertension patients. It is considered that the training based on RAM will be beneficial in the training to be given by nurses. Studies conducted in Turkey show that it is necessary to increase social awareness about hypertension and use model-based training by nurses who provide care. Because patient compliance is mainly focused on in patient training in the treatment process of hypertension and it is considered the most important variable in the treatment process. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of the training given according to RAM on sleep and quality of life in patients diagnosed with hypertension.